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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at |http : //books . google . com/ I J 9lnti(}uaatan JLND Topographical •9 CONTAINING A SERIES OF ELEGANT VIEWS OF THE MOST INTERESTING OBJECTS OF CURIOSITY IN «teat IBritain, Accompanied toith LETTER-PRESS DESCRIPTIONS. VOL. iir LONDON: Published for the Proprietors by W. Clarke, New Boiuji Street; J. Carpenter, Old Bond S.troet.'; ^Oj^; ,'• Shsrwooo, NBB1.Y, and J ^atern^^tcyilcfw/' Coe, Printer, 1(^ LitUe darter layie, ^t^ t^^'^* ' THE Ni. A." .C.aK PUBLIC LIBRARY 5798S0 A«reK, LENOX ANe TIUOAN FOUNDATiONt. ^SSI.^] ^^^z I •• •• • . • . f ,..' ,. * 't ' ;!*> -v ''■• :', i'.>' ST. MARTHA'S CHAPEL, SURRY. St. Martha's is an inconsiderable parish in the hundred of Blackheath. The resident population in 1801 was 113 persons: the money raised in 1803 by the parish rate, at two shillings in the pound, was £\(yi:l2. The Chapel is extra-parochial, and annexed to Chi] worth manor, which belongs to the Randylls, owners of the first consi- derable gunpowder works in England. St. Martha's Cha- pel is built in form of a cross, and stands on the summit of a hill,* being the south-eastern extremity of a range of upland extending thence to Guildford. From this eleva- tion the country appears beautifully diversified with lands richly cultivated, interspersed with villages and noble mansions ; the prospect is bounded by hills almost ob- scured through their reoioteness. The Chapel is a rude composition of flints and unwrought stones, mixed with hard mortar. In the west end is a circular arch, which has evidently been repaired of late to preserve it from entire demolition : above this is the appearance of ano- ther arch of the same form and dimensions ; the whole of the nave is in a most ruinous state, and without a roof. The choir and transcept are kept in repair, and divine service is still performed here. No regular style of archi- ST. MARTHA S CHAPEL. tecture is visible in the building ; on tiie eastern side of the south transceptare the remains of a handsome Gothic -window, nov fiUci upi the great east window was like- wise pointed : in the north transcept appears a low door with a circular arch. The length of the Chapel^ from east to west, is about 105 feet, its breadth about twentj« four feet, the transcept projects on each side fifteen feet j the walls are nearly four feet in thiclcness. Some paces round the Chapel the ground is used as a cemetary, though not enclosed; there are no monumental stones, but the turf is here and there raised, where •* Each in his narrow cell for ever laid. The rude forefathers of the hamlet bleep*"" •trr V ' BEDDINGTON, SURRY. The village of Beddington lies nearly two miles to tbef westward of Croydon, and about eleven from Westminster bridge. The country around it is charmingly diversified^ the inequality of the grounds producing a singular variety of rural scenes. The church, and the old mansion be- longing to the family of the Carews, are particularly in- teresting. This manor-house is situated near the church, and forms three sides of a square: it is built of brick; the centre consists of a large and lofty hall, with a beautiful roof of wood in the Gothic style ; the north wing is a mereshel^ its interior having been destroyed by fire about the year 1709, soon after the house had been rebuilt in its present form. The great entrance to the ball has an an- cient lock of the most curious workmanship, the key- hole is concealed by a shield charged with the arms of England. The benefice of Beddington formerly belonged to Bermondsey abbey, being given to the foundation in the year 1 159, by Sibella de WateviHe and Ingram de Fountenays ; it afterwards became vested in the Carew family ; upon the attainder of sir Nicholas Carew, the gift of the rectory was assumed by the crown, Henry VIII. presented to it in 1542." The rectory of Beddington, with BEDDlNCTOM. th« Bon of sir Nicholas, before mentioned, irho, 8o6fl liter he became possessed, rebuilt the mansion-house in a magnificent manner, and laid out the gardens, which he planted with choice fruit-trees, which he spared no cost to procure from foreign eonntries ; he is sud to have planted here the first orange trees that were seen inKng- and. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. It is in the diocese of Winchester, and in the deaneiy of Ewell : it consists of a nave, chancel, and two aisles ; at thewest end is a square tower, with a strong hutment on each side* This tower contains alaige pointed window, filled with tracery. The present church was probably erected about the time of Richard tl., the style of its architecture be- ing of that age ; at the west end of each aisle are several ancient wooden stalls with lifting' seats, which are carved on the under part, with shields and ether devices. The nave is separated from the aides by plain piUan of good workmanship, the font, which is large, is of an early date; its form is square; the sides are ornamented with a range of round-headed arches ; the centre is sup- ported by a massive column, and the comers by light shafts, with ornamented bases. In the chancel are many brass figures of the Carew family, inserted into flat stones; most of t^e inscriptions are illegible. At the south-east corner of the church is a small aisle or chapel ^ erected by sir Richard Carew, for the sepulture of the fa- mily : he was the first interred here in the year 1520; his afterwards to have been granted to Walter Gorges, who '"•'ife:?;/'^'"'''' "" 1> • .^ V BSDDINQTOlf. tnonumeat m in the south waUy near the door; under 4 flat Gothic arch is an altar tomb ; on the taUet are small brass plates, representing sir Richard Caiew and his lady; in the same aisle are other monuments of the family. Sir Richard was appointed by Henry VII. to the tieute- nancy of Calais, in which honourable post he was conti- nued by Henry VIII. At the time of the general survey made by William f • there were two manors at Beddington exclusive of Wall- ington^ one of which was held of king Edward the Con* fessor, by Azor, and the other by Ulf. The property of Axor manor is to be regularly traced through the fa- milies of de £s, or de Eys, de Laik, Gatelier, and Rogen, to Thomas Corbett, who is called the king's valet, to whom it was granted by Edward I. : from the Corbetts it descended, by purchase, to the Morieys, Braytons, and Willonghbys. These alienations having been made without the king's consent, he seized the manor into hit own hands, but regranted it to Richard WiUoughby and his wife, upon their paying a fine of lOOf . Richard Wil- loughby left a daughter and heir, whose second husband was Nicholas Carew, or de Carru, who afterwards became possessed of both the manors. This Nicholas was keeper of the privy seal, and one of king Edward III.'s executors. Upon the attainder of sir Nicholas in 1539, his es- tates being seized by the crown, sir Michael Stanhope was appointed keeper of the manor-house. It appears the rest of the property of his ancestors, was restored to* 0% BSDOINGTON. died in the- siUh year of Edward VI. the same year in which the king granted it to Thomas lord Darcy of Chich^. Of hiffiy sir Francis Carew, who had procured the reversal of his father's attainder^ purchased his an- cestor's, estate, .which has continued in the family to the present time, by lineal descent, though the male branch has twice failed: in both instances the representative in the female line has taken the name and arms of Carew. JSir Nicholas Uacket Carew* bart. by his will, dated July |» 176S, left his estates to hia daughter for life; after her decease, to the eldest son of John Fountain, dean of York, and his issue male : in default of such, to every other of the dean's sons, in succession. On the failure of issue male, from the dean of York, the estate was en- tailed upon the eldest slfn of Richard Gee, esq. of Orping- ton, in Kent, who is now the next i^ the remainder ; the doan's only son having died before the age of twenty-five^ when be was to inherit. Richard Gee,, esq. pursuant to the will of sir Nicholas Hacket Carew, bart. has taken the name and arms of that family. r::'>L;-:u-^;,r; tL^uyaa^ U7.*^; t^A^r/-v.. JijaiJU6r4»AtrH^m.hf^£UH»ltmM*mdStt/.^^ml0: OUt^mi Sk^m ':»jUA V • ., , . -.'V ' . «. I' ' • <■ • RYEGATE CASTLE, SURRr. This Castle stood on the north side of the town, behind the principal street. Of its ancient history we know but little, and of its original foundation Btill less. The slender accounts of it that have reached our times, ascribe its origin to some of the eariier earls of Warren and Surry. Certain it is, that under the earls of Warren here was a castle ci considerable note, which seems to hare been one of the capital seats of their barony in England. WilKam eftfl of Warren, who possessed it in king John*s time, is the first of his family spoken of by Dugdale as the pro- prietor, who, however, acknowledges hts title to it to have been derrred from his eariiest ancestors. The site of this structure is now the property of lord Somen. It is an eminence, surrounded by a ditch of CMiftidcrable breadth and depth on the south and west sides. On the summit of the bill, T^hich contains an area of an acre and thirty-eight pcrtes, and Is formed into a lawn of a very fine turf, is erected a summer apartment. In a taste corresponding with the original design of the spot } and, on the east side, without the ditch, is a gate- way of fbeantiqw form, with the fbUowIng Inscription over it : AYEOATE CASTLte. NE. Wiiri comitis Warren Veteris bvjiuce loci iocoln Fidique libertalum nostrarum Vindicis MVMOKIA Temporum injuria •cam ipso Castello INTSaciDERET Propriis R. B. impeasis H. S. E. Anno MDCcLXXvii. In the centre of the area is the entrance, by a flight of< steps covered with a small building of a pyramidical form,, to the depth of eighteen feet, and in a suitable style, and. then regularly, without steps, twenty-six feet more, and the whole length 235 feet, into a cave or room 12S feet long, thirteen wide, and eleven high to the crown of the arch ; in one part of which is a crypt of near fifty yards In length, with a seat of stone at the end, which extended the whole length of the room on both sides. This rave served probably the different purposes of its lords, as a repository for their treasures and military stores, and a place of safe custody for their prisoners. The arch is broken and the cavity stopped, which is supposed to have made a private communication with the town. In 1802 a spur of an extraordinary size was found here at tlie depth of three feet in the ground. '"■1, . GUILDFORD, SURRY. Guildford is pleasantly situated on tlie side oF a chalk bill close by the river Wey, and was in the time of the Saxons, a place of considerable note: the great king Alfred frequently resided here, as did many of our 8uc« ceediog monarchs. The castle, on account of its great antiqaity, claioM particular attention ; but neither its fouoder nor the era pf its construction are known. The first time it occurs in history is a little before the Conquest in the year 1036, when prince Alfred, the son of king Etkelred, coming- out of Normandy with his brother Edward, at the desire of bis mother Emma, ia hopes of obtainiag the crown, was met near this place by Godwin, earl of Kent, wbo^ with all the semblance of respect and honourable treat- ment, invited him to partake of refreshment in the castle., Here Godwin threw off the mask $ Alfred was imme- diately siezed, conducted to Ely, and, after his eyes had been put out, was shut up in a monastery for life : his attendants were tortured with great cruelty, and twicer decimated ; that is, out of ^very ten, nine were killed. . Six hundred Normans^ it is said, were thus murdered. In the year 1216, when Lewis, the dauphin of France, GUILDFOBD. came into this country, od tlie iDvitation of the barons, he in a short time poraessed himself of this castle. In the tenth of Henry III. William de Cooiers was go- vernor of it for the king, as were afterwards Elias Maansell, about the thirtieth, and William de Agnillon in the fifty-third of the same reign; and in 1299, the twenty-seventh of Edward I. it was assigned to Mar- gaMt, the second wife of that king, in part of her dowry. GuildAiril castle had been used as a common gaol, at least as far back as the thlrty-irfth of Edward I. when Edward de Say, keeper of the king's prisoners there, petitioned the king in parliament that the prisoners slionld be removed to some stronger place, this castle being too weak for the safe custody of so many of them, in the forty-ftrst of Edward III. it was giyen to the sheriff of Surry for the county gaol, and as a dweUing-boose far himself; it occasionally served as a covmen gaol for the county of Susiiex, down to the reign of Henry VII. In the year 16U, the castle was granted by J^ames I. to Francis Carter of Guildford, whose only daughter and heir married Goodyer, esq. of Halton, Hants : this lady had two daughters, joint heiresses; one married to Tempest, esq. the other to Rolfe : Tempest bad a son, and Rolfe a daughter, who married the reverend Mr. Loveday. It is now the property of William Tempest, esq. of Guildford, a de- fcendeat of the above heiress. The^ castle stands to the south of the High Street 0tr s^ eiliiin^c; comman£fing ffie vahey tlirougli trlifc^ l8(r#s tlie Wey, dUd {^ itself commanded towarcjfs the sbdth by a hitf eons!deraT)ly higher than the building^. Proni ttte found'attons of many walls, we are inclined to b<^l'reve thdt this castle has' once been very extensive. Two cellars, one betonVitfg fo the Angel Inn, and the other to a honke nearly opposite, are evidently a portion of the vafths coi'ntecferf With' the castte'; one of these be- longing to the ptiva'te house is aboii't eight feet high, sup- ported by several short miossive columns, from which spring; arch«s in" vaf ioiis dfirections, all built of squared challc. The niost perfect portion of the castle now re- matnh)^ is tbii( ailcl'etit keep ; it is nearly square, the walls are about ten feet thick ; in the wall are cavities which shew tfato reitialns of several apartments $ in one of them, 00 the second story, Etc several rude figures deepfy scratched in the chalk, supposed to be the work of some pri^oitet coiiftned bei*e. The keep is buil't for the most pnctwitb stdne, ceiiiented witlt a bia^d' mortar ; oh' the gtodiid ffoor thei*e were neither windows nor loop-holes, in the' upfter stoilei W^s one window on each sicTe, the rest are siijiposed to be more mddern. The present en- trance into the keep ai^pears to have been madie after the castlfe was used as a dwelUrig-bouse; the original en- trance mray still be seeii in the middle of the west froiit at a considerable height fr5rti the ground, arid must' have been ai^i)rd^1 c/t^^ y/e^J f^a^e •ir fty n.T'TJ»'.» V J'' ** ^■^'' •'"'-' -"' * -''"■■'^••^ .. ; .>^ 1 . e \i a * PUILI^FOILOi differs from all otliers in the kingdoni, bein^ in the freC' men and freeholders paving scot nnd lot^ and resident 'm> the town. Guildford was incorporated by Henry I. nnd gives title of earl to the noble family of North ; it sent members to parliament in the twenty-third of Edivard I. the mayor is the returning officer. There are three parish churches at Guildford — Trinity, St. Mary's, ^nd. St. Nicholas; the last is in the patronage of the dean of, Sarum, the two first have long been vested in (he crown. Trinity church fell down in May 1740; the workmen ivho were employed in taking down the bells and steeple, had quitted the spot about a quarter of an hour before the accident happened ; not a single person received any hurt, though great numbers were spectators, it being fair-day. The church has since been rebuilt with brick. The grammar-school at Guildford was founded and endowed in 1509 by Robert Beclkingham, of London^ grocer; the endowment has been considerably angmented by the contributions of other charitable benefactors. Edward VI. by his letters patent in 1551, made it a free grammar school, by the name of *' Schola Regia Gra- maticallis Edwardi Sexti," and gave thereto s£20 per annum for ever. At this school have been educated some very eminent persons, one of whom was George Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury, who, in 1621, built an hospital here, and settled thereon £300 per annnm^ with a joint donation of ^600 from sir Nicholas Kemp, knight, for the maintenance of a master, twelve aged men, and ^il^fi troufen, all single pertoM ; and for iht eiicddra^- -neiiC of the vroolieif mairafactory, vthlch then flotiristietf "in tiiis towa. To Hiit bospital, Mr. Thomas Jacksoft, 4sute alderman of this borough, bcqaeatbed ^£600 iir the >«ar 1788, whereby the namber of women vta^ irfereased -to twelve.-^Tradition reports the ofccasion of baildifl^ •and endowing tliis hospital by George Abbott, was to •atone fbr bis acddenta4ty killing a gamelteeper by a sfadt from a cross-bow. Thre bnilding cafled the friary, which fbrmJIerfy be« longed to aa order of mendicants, bnt to what order or when foanded is uncertain, is now the property of the Onslow fam%'; in one part of this bntiding, the jodgev are accommodated daring tbetr stay at the assises ; and here the assemblies and feasts foi* ttie borough are usually kept ; the other porti«U' is now converted into a boarding «cbool« PUBLIC LIBRAR? T(LDEN POUNOAno,« I* -Uul) .^1 LOSELEY MANOR HOUSE, SURRY. LosELEY is situated about two miles from Guildford on the south west : the manor, which was crown land in the time of Edward the Confessor, was held by one Osmund $ it consisted of four hundred acres, and was valued at s£120 present currency. After the conquest it was given to Hog^r de Montgomery, carl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, who attended the conqueror in his expedition, and was one of his principal counsellors; this earl, in the latter part of his life, became a monk in the priory of Shrewa- -bury, which he had founded. The manor of Loseley wa^ purchased in the twenty- fourth of Henry VIII. by Christopher More, esq. who was sheriff of Surry and Sussex ; he died here in the year 1549. His eldest son, William, built the main bod}' of the present mansion, Which faces the north, and now has an extensive wing on the west ; on the east is the garden wall of equal dimen^ sioiis with the wing, and with corresponding projections and doors, which last are now filled dp. The building is composed of the ordinary stone found in the county. In the centre is a hall forty-two feet in length, and about twenty-five in breadth, the wing contains on its first floor a gallery 121 feet long and eighteen feet wide ; the prlo« L08ELET MANOR HOUSE. cipal entrance opens into the hall $ formerly it was more eastward, through a porch or vestibule^ now a botler^s pantry : over this original entrance were placed three stone figures — on the right was Fate holding a celestial globe, with these words : ** Non Fors sed Fatum;^* on the left, Fortune treading on a globe, and holding a wheel, on which was inscribed '* Fortuna omnia ;^^ in the middle was a figure with one foot on a wheel, the other on a globe, holding a book open and pointing to these words, ** Non Fors sed Fatum ;" over the entrance to the v^ti- bule was this distich— ** Invide tangendi libi limina nulla facultas. At libi AuicE patent janna mensa donius.'' Over the door of the hall, parlour, buttery, and l^itchcuiy are appropriate Latin inscriptions : on the stairs ljeadii||: to the gallery is a large allegorical picture, represenMngat one end the efiiects pf a virtuous life, at the other eiid the consequences of a vicious course. TI)e inanor of I^of»el^y came by marriage into the family of sir Thomas I^oll- neaux, knt. from whom it descended, through several heirs, to Thomas More Molineaux, esq. who, dying unmarried in 1777, left the possession to his fourth s'i§te/ Janp. / ^he h'U- 'M. ^'^■•i, \:^^ . .i. • '• . • ■ ' ' -I" ■- ; .-.5' '■■.;-• -» ..♦-.r - «« •% ::5r - ^ .j \\ •\*" .^•5? ',.v: KATHERINE HILL CHAPEL,. SURRY. This Cha,pel stands on tlte summit of a hiil, anciently known by the naine of Drake Hill, but now Katherine Hill. By whom the Chapel was erected is uncertain; its foundation is, however, ascribed to king Henry II. ais a place of worship for the tenants of his manor of £rtindoo, having detached it from Godalming, on his graottng the latter to the chureh of Salisbury. It is certain that in the fourteenth of Henry III. a stipend was paid by the crown to a chaplain who officiated here ;. sbiDctly after this time the Chapel became so ruinous that it was found necessary to rebuild it. Accordingly, about the twenty-ninth of Edward I. *' Richard de Wauncey, parson of St. Nicholas in Guildford, having purchased the site thereof of Hamo de Gatton, Andrew Brabeuf, John de Mareschal, and the abbess of Wherwell, pro- prietors of the several parcels of the original manor of Ertindon, rebuilt the Chapel, under condition of holding it for himself and successors, parsons of St. Nicholas in fee, probably with an intention of annexing it to that benefice as a chapel of ease." The legality of this transaction was afterwards disputed for, by a petition to parliament, in the reign of Edward III. ; it is stated, that KATBERINE MILL CHAPEL. Richard de AVaoncey, formerly parsnn of St. Nicholas, had erected this Chapel on a ^pot found by Inquest to belong to the king, viithouthis permission, and against the statute of inortinain; it was therefore deemed for- feited, and granted to the petitioner, Thomas Constable, for life, and at his decease to revert to the crown. The building was a feiv years since repaired by Austin, esq. near whose residence it stands ; these repairs »cre directed principally to prevent the arches of the doors and windows from falling, and to protract the exist- ence of the venerable ruin, not with a design to render it again serviceable. The length of the Chapel is about forty-five feet, its breadth near twenty-one feet, the thick- ness of the walls is three feet. In the second year of Edward III. a charter was granted for holding an annual fair at Katherine Hill, on the eve and morrow of St. Matthew. This custom is still observed. 2!}-0fK fou;, t^.c'^-. h?x I^,ihH>J*riimf^,„M^l^WaMl»NmirniJTikJ.iMj,mm-OUt*ndJ*0a,iatf. CHICHESTER, SUSSEX.. . The city of Chichester is erected on a small eminence situ- ated in a pleasant plain, in the western part of the county of Sussex near the borders of Hampshire, sheltered from the north and north-east winds, by part of a range of hills which reaches from the Aruu to the county of Hants: the highest of these, St. Roche, and Bow hills, conmiand most extensive and beautiful prospects ; on the former is a Da- nish encampment, and on the latter are some barrows, which were examined a few years since, when some mili- tary weapons of an unconmion sort, and other things usually discovered in barrows, were dug up. At this distance of time, it is impossible to ascertain the period when the city was founded : the walls which surround it were cartainly erected by the Romans ;' urns and coins of that people have at various times been disco- vered in them ; but it must not be concluded from this clrcmnstance that the city derived its origin from them. A spacious temple was erected here to Neptune and Mi- jierva, in the reign of the Roman emperor Claudius. This fact was ascertained by the discovery of a stone in the year 1 TSl, by the workmen employed in laying the foun- dation of the present council chamber in the North Street : F caKMinsR. thii stone was by the corporation presented to the then duke of Richmond, at whose magnificent seat at Good- wood it Is still preserved. The inscription mns thiu : irEPm(O.ET.MtNERTJB.TEMPLVM.FIUMAL¥TE. D0irre.DI VINJB. EX. AVOTOaiTATE. C06f DVBHI.aBOf 8. LB6ATI«T|9ERn.CLATDII.AT6Trn.I1f.pBITTAVIA« COU^IVM.FAB]IORVl[.ET.qYI.nr.EO.E.8ACIU8.VEU HOirOilATI«SVNT.DE.8YO.DEDICATERYNT.DOWABrrE.AREA]IC« rTDENTE.PVDENTim.FlUO. At tlie same time a Roman pavement was discovered^ wliich was continued as far as the workmen had occasion to di^. Chichester appears to have greatly declined in wealib a])d population, from the union of the heptarchy, in the early part of the ninth century, to nearly the end of the eleventh, at which time the episcopal seat was removed to this city from Selsea, where it had been fix^ nearly SOO years. It was originally established there by St. Wilfred, who first CQUverted the inhabitants of Sussex tQ the Chris* tiaii faith: shortly after this removal the city began to flourish, apd has been in a state of progressive improve- mept until the present day. Prior to the translation, the only religious building of note in this city appear to have been the monastery of St. Peter, which is supposed to have occupied a part of the site of the present cathedral, and a little nunner^v t/. ^: Cl T^/-^/- Y'/^i^^'^^r r^d^a(ra/p AiOUi ArguPrnrUt,n>, WCUrk. %-^^n^^VA ' Cirymtf.JUgfrUX'OMv^. J THENEW YOnK PUBLIC LIBRARY l^rroA, tmox AND TILOEN POUNOAHONa. tfoA %i whidi are meatioiied by WlUiam Af Malmsbwy. JStich being ti^ stete «f Ifie Kligiras edifiees in the city at 4l»t time, k is firoM^k that Stigaad, viw was a great faToorite of William the CanqueMr'f, began either to eidarge the church attached 4» the monaeteiy af St. Petrr, or to erect a aew one : hb vndertakkig was finished by bishop Ralph. Tins chai^ hofl been sapposed to have been af wood, but it seenis istbar improbable tiutt so long a time should have been oci;upied in erecting |ya edifice of sadi perishable materials. There are indaed many Instaflces of wooden drarches in ise at this period, iMit they gene* rally appear to have b0f n a«ly temporary erections, until some part of the great chnrch was finished far enough io admit of the ceiebratiom of service in it. Whatever this church might have been, it was destroyed by fire in May 1114, vpon which that mwiificent prehUe Ralph, ah^ve named, immediately coavnenced Abe ranedificaition, hi whicb he was assisted by Henry I. wbe was gioeaAly attached to him 9 however, as bishop fiaJph 4md in US8» only nine years after the fire, some hape imagined the seeond chorch also to have been of wood, nsd attributed the erection of the present edifice from U» foundatioM to Seffirid II. A confiagcaHon happened during his epis* copacy in die year 1185^ or hi the year 1137 { but from Novenden and other chroniclers of .those times, it may be inferred, that that fire only destroyed 4he roof of the caithedral, and damaged the inside waiU. it re^nires no great share oi penetration to perceive that those walls F 3 CnCBEBTSII. havd been iased with a. thin coat of stone, supported at tlic intercoliunniations by Petwortli marble pillars, which are in the style of the thirteenth century i of the same materials and age are the pillars which support the upper triforiom, although the external arches of the win. dows are coeval with the lower part of the church, and are ornamented with the billet moulding. The firo therefore, appears only to have ii\jnred ' the inside of the church, and its ravages have been afterwards concealed by the thin casing of stone above mentioned. The vaulting of the nave, choir, transcept, and the side aisles, is of the same date : it is most probable, that the church was not vaulted with stone at the time of the tire, but only ceiled with rafter-work, in the same manner as the transcepts of Winchester cathedral. These repairs, or the greater part of them, were probably made by bishop Seffrid II. of whom it is said, in the Chronicle of Winchester, " Dedicata est ecclesia Cicestrite a Seffrido ejusdem loci episcopo, A. D. 1199, MiduB Septembris :*' and again, '< Obiit Seffridus episcopus CicestriiBj A, J>. 1204 ;^' but no mention is made of his buildings ; and we can scarcely suppose that had he re-erected from its foundation so large an edifice as the present cathedral, a circumstance so much to his honour would have' been omitted, particularly as churchmen were the authors of those annals. In an ancient MS. catalogue of the bishops of this church, which is still preserved in the archives of the dean and chapter, he is thus mentioned : " Seffridus re-ccdificavit Cicestriam et domos suas in pa- c^^-/'^-^-^'-'^^'^''^- CHICHESTER* htio :" bi)t. nothing is said about the church, which would most probably have been mentioned had it been entirely burnt down; nor indeed is it probable that such massy pillars and arches could have been destroyed by fire. From^ these circumstances it appears, that the structure of the present church was at the latest begun by bishop Ralph; although from the circumstance of his death so soon after the fire in 1 1 14, he might not have lived to finish itentiitely,. or to dedicate it. The plain round arches and the pouch- headed pillars cannot certainly have been in use much later than his time. SeSrid II. only made the repairs above men- tioned, with the exception of the vaulting and the space between the altar screen, and the entrance into the lady chapel, by which space it is easy to perceive the cathedral has been lengthened with work, the style of which goes far- ther into the thirteenth century : in this part the arche»of the lower triforium are gorgeously ornamented with differ- ent devices, and the upper windows,, which, as before men- tioned, are circular throughout the rest of the church,, are l^re potntcd« These repairs and the additional buildings we may therefore infer, were carried on by bishop Aquila (a prelate of great private possessions, and of a noble family in this county), and completed by bishop Poore, who was the greatest builder of his agr^, and whose munificence is conspicuous in his having laid the foundation of the magni- ficent churchy of Salisbury, which he was only prevented from completing by his speedy translation to Durham, a 'Circumstance which took place in the year 1218. He birff fMOMtftte ipoft'ff bdU to MM0W te tiftHMdral frMft Ott fkmm to nildings of the countries he visited. This prelate also caused the paintings in the. south transcept to be executed by one Bemardi, an Italian, or as some assert, .although without any degree of .prob n Bw H ^s^ Ira! ^. - f X i' "^ .,',>,« "X d| PUBLIC Lin. kV TJLDEM I CEICBEBTSR. Wilfred and Ceadwalla, kiiur of Sussex, the founder of the church of Selsea. St. Wilfred attended by hia clergy is represented as coming to the king, who stands at the entrance of his palace surrounded by his courtiers, and addressing him in the following words, which are written on a scroll : Da servia Dei locum habitationis propter Deum, Cead- walla's answer, which is on an open book held by an attendant, is Fiut sicut petitur. In the back ground is represented the peninsula of Selsea, the parish church as it is still standing there, and the s.^a, bounded by the blue hills of the Isle of Wight. The next represents t'le interview between Henry VIII. and bisfhop Shurborce. The bishop thus addresses the king : Sanctissims rex propter Deum decora ecclesiam tuam Cicestrensem jam cathedralem sicut Ceadwalla rex Sussex ecclesiam Seltse olim cathedralem decoravit ; this is also written on a scroll ; but tlie answer of Henry is on an open book ; the words are as follow : Pro amore ypj quod pet as conced\ Shurborne is attended by his clei^y in the same manner as St. Wilfred : the king is standing at the entrance of the palace, with his attendants; and what is surprising, his father Henry VII. is standing on- his right hand, an anachronism common in the paintings of those da^s. The architecture of the palace in this picture is by no means so correct as that in the other; it , probably was altered by the painter employed to restore the inj Jiies it received in the great rebellion : beneath this is the noLto " Crcdite OpsribusJ''' These pictures are , iiiely execoMdy md toe t x iru a tl y Talnable as repre- aeiMstloat of the eccksiastkal and lay cottome of that age. On CliU tide also are the portraits of all the kings of England, front Hfllliam the Conqueror down to Henry VIII. whieh have been since eontinued down to George I. ; some of tlwse are well executed, partictdariy those of fueen Mary, Elizabetb, James I. and Charles. Oa the opposite side of the transcept are the por- traits of the bishops of Selsea and Chichester, prefaced thus: CatkaloguB reverendorum virorum ac sanctorum patrum epitcoporu Selese ei Cicestrens. tain ante conquea- turn jingtte quam post conqutstum JngUe quorum no- mina ssquuntur^ ^c. Under each bishop respectively is a short account of what be did for or gave to the church : these were also continued by Shurborne down to himself; since whIeh time only John Christopherson, the last Ca- tholic bishop^ has been added. These paintings make a fine appearance, and contribute greatly to the grandeur of thb part of the church, which would otherwise be ra^ ther too plain, the transcepts having no side aisles. Bernardi, it is probable, painted the vaulting of the church, which appears to have been executed with great boldness of coIoiu*ing$ the ornaments are Bowers and the arms of the founders and benefactors to the church, with scrolls of writing under eachj 'William ot Wyckham's are frequently repeated, with his motto '* Manners makyth Man ;" and the following addition, '^ Quod WilKam Wykefiam." TIlis cxeetlent bisiMp (Shnrbome) alM ftmuded four pretoeads in ib/t dmrcb, And increased the nnraber of cliortsCen ; be d£d In 15S9, and is buried in the south aisle of the choir, mider a white marble monoment, where lays his efBgy dressed in the episcopal habit ; the figure and tomb were richly adorned, bot they were much defaeed by the republicans ; the arms are still remahiin^, and the following Inscription, Ne intres in judiciom cvm serve tuo, DOMINE, ROBERT SHVRBORNE, The chantry of St. Richard, bishop of Chichester, stands in the sooth transcept, at the bacic of the stalk, concerning which an order occurs in Rymer's Fcedera, in the eighth year of Edward I. Pro foealihus re cupe* ratisferetro bbati Richardi reejigendis^ Thia shrine was tislied by the Catholics eren since the Restoration, on bis anniversary, which is on Che 3d ot April. This veite- ttMt and holy prelate, sumamed De la Wich, was a ^ Dominican friar, but having been admitted by the pope into the secular clergy, was consecrated bishop of Chi* diester in the year 1S45 ; he is recorded to have worked many miracles in ids lifetime, particaiarly to have fed 30OO people fin a miraculous manner : it is also mentioned of faini, that as lie was officiating at the altar in his old age, he fell down through weakness with a chalice in his hand, the wine fai which was not spik. He deceased in the year 1353, and was buried in the cathedral. There is in the north side aisle of the choir a morbUr monument with the eSgiss of » IMshopy but the inserijptioA CHlCHrTER. is taken away and the arms defaced ; this is most proba- bly the tomb of Adam Molin's, LL.D. who was slain at Portsmouth at the iostigatien of Richarff duke of York, July 9, 1449. He gave some crimson altar-cloths of great, value to adorn the high altar of his cathedral. There are two plain tombs behind the high altar, one of which is said to be that of bishop Story, the other is perhaps that of George Day, who deceased in 1556: the above-mentioned tombs, with that of bishop John Anindel, who died in 1478, are the only tombs of prelates in this church prior to the reformation now remaining ;. there are also many sepulchral stones, some of them of an immense size, which were formerly adorned with brasses of bishops under stately canopies, as may still be traced by the places in which the brass was inlaid : many of these stones were most probably removed from the choir into their present situation, in the nave and side aisles, when the choir was paved with black and white marble about sixty years since. The repubiicans stripped the brass from these and all the other monumcEtal stoiies in the church, which ha\e been very niuaernus. The r.ave of this rallied ral is remarkable for having M hut now appears to be a double aisle on each side, but tlf 3C additional aiilca are of later construction than the others, ai.d were evidently di\ided into many chantries and chapci-, in some of which are piscinas, and other traces of the altars formerly erected within them . In one cf those in the north side is an ancient tomb with the efli- i.-.^'^M^ I * 'S: ''-y ' ,,\*;- f- '^.itzu 'cc ^ <7r r.//-<~//i t/^r / / ^uilukul/jrA^nf>ruiart h, J^Oarit Ne~&rU J.'i:^lCiffirujroUJ)cniS.'i>a^iJi^. • CHICHESTER. ' gtes of a man in armour, with his lady at his feet ; th's is commonly supposed to be the tomb of the earl of Arun- del ; the head of the figure reposes on a- coronet ; on bis breast is a lion rampant, the arms of those earls : this tomb appears at some period to have been moved. Opposite thk is a neat tablet, executed by Flaxman, to the memory of the unfof-tunate poet Collins, who was a native of this city, and died in a house adjoining the clois- ters: it is inscribed with an excellent epitaph, the joint composition of those elegant writers William Hayley and John Seirjeant, esq*, the former of whom is a descendant from one of the deans of the cathedral. At a small dis- tance is an old tomb, with the effigies of a lady thereon, but it is not known for whom it was erected. The pavement of the nave and side aisles is laid in lines, which were in guide the processions which took place at the enthronement of a bishop, at the chanting the litanies, and at other times. One of the west towers of the cathedral was thrown 'down, and the great west window beaten in daring the siege of the town by the rebels in the great rebellion, who, upon their entrance into the city in the year 1643, under the command of sir William Waller, immediately began to wreak their wrath on the cathedral ; by sir William's order they broke down the organ and defaced the orna- ments in the choir ; beat down the tombs in the church, carrying away the brasses ; they plundered the sacra- mental plate, and seized upon the priests' vestments in the cncBmiEc* nHttji they IMV all tlK Mbks, service bookf, tad nvf. ji^ books belOBgiQK to the ehoir, scaltfiif the leaves of them throughout the church and chuicbyard. Hht altac, both in the cathedral and sah-deanery (a pariah chaich in 4fee Bortb transcept), they broke down, and dfiitroyed the pnlj^ity pewt, and ia short ereiy thiB| which was not proof agaiost their pole^ixes. The spiffe of this cathedral is of stooe, •niaineated with pianades al its hawf it ieea» to have been erected towards the middle of the thirteenth ceatary, abooi which live Salifll^iiry cathedral was fiaished. (There is a tradi- tion here, that this and the spire at Salisbury ww erected by the same worJcoieoi and indeed it seens probable). In the year 1781 it was struck by lightning, when several large stones were precipitated from it with great vioience ; its fall, and the consequent destruction of a ecMBsideFabie part of the church were dreaded { bat on a snrrey beaag made, it was discovered that aUhoagh a breach was made about forty feet from the top, yet that the other parts were vaiqjured. It was thereforo sooa after repaired so cobi- pietely that ao traces of the damage can now be disoovered. It is not known who erected the gieat bell-tover oa the northpwest side of the cathedral i it is reported that WilHaro Rymaa, est}, of Appledram (a small viUage about two miles from .this place), beiiig desirous of liaviag » castle for hiavelf in that village, was inhibited from so doing by Edward II. upon wiiich he applied the materials be had collected for that pui|MNe to this erection f bat no c . '.. • ;ji • mentioii is ma4« ib the r«conl« •f Uie chnreli emc^nuig bare pi|icha«ed the stQn^ of Um. Tlir tofrer was evi. deqUjr b«Ut about that time : before wbicb the bells stood* m Hm tower of the i^e, though it was scarcely calcu- lated to support so great a weight. Tbc north tnmscept of thi« caihedral is made use of as a parish church, and is dedicated to $t# Peter. Th^ ▼aultlng of the chancel in this part is a curious specimen of the highly pointed arches of the thirteen^ century, ornamented wjth the Saxon v§s^»t' On the outside of this are small portions of a building, whkh ajn^eajr to have formed the residence of some chantry priests $ the door by which they used to descend into the church to perform their offices still remains. This cathedral has been for canons secular from the time of its erection, and therefore was not changed by Henry VIII. The foundation dbnsiatsof a dean, pne- centor, chancellor, treasurer, two archdeacons, one of Chichester the other of Lewes, thirty prebendaries, four of whom haye eyer been called to residence and are styled canons residentiary, four vicars, and a sufficient choir. There have been eighty-eigtit bishops since the foundation of the see to the present time. The dimensions of this cathedral are as follow : total length from east to west, including the lady chapel, 410 feet$ of the transcepts frtan north to south 221 ; the breadth of the choir and side at the east end is sixtj^-two ; CaiOIStTSK. of the nave and aisles, which have four rows of piUars, ninety- two. The height of the vaulting is sixty-three, of the epire 900, and of the belI*tower at the north-west side 127 feet. The cloisters which stand on the sooth side of the church are much injured by the filling up of the lower part of the windows $ they form a qnad* rangle, the »outhern side of which is 1^ feet 'long, the eastern 128, and the western side 100. To Mr. Thomas Valentine, of Magdalen hall, Oxford, we are indebted for the Drawings of Chichester Cathedra], and the foregoing Description. PU5UC \Xi^^^ \ '.'* ••* ** • ' CHANTRY OF ST. BICHABD, CHICHES- TER CATHEDRAL, SUSSEX. The Chantry of St. Richard, formerly bishop of Chiches- ter, stands in the south transcept of the cathedral at the back of the stalls. It is a beautiful shrine! of Gothic work- manship, consisting of three elegant cinque -foil arches, ornamented with crockets and a finial; the arches spring from dragons, and other grotesque figures, which are now greatly mutilated; they are separated by a slender butment, terminating with a pinnacle. Above the grand arches is -a range of small ones with cinque-foil heads, surmounted with a cornice and foliage : the roof within is gained, having key-stones and roses at the intersec- tions. The tomb of the saint stands upon the pavement in the middle of the chantry ; its sides are enriched with pointed arches, alternately wide and narrow ; the figure of St. Richard, which li|;s on the tomb, considering the devastations made here by the partizans of Cromwell, is in tolerable preservation. The shrine of St. Richard was visited by the Catholics, long after the reformation, on the anniversary of the saint, which is on the 3d of April. This venerable and holy prelate, whose simame was De la Wict, from being a Pominican friar^ was admitted CHANTRY OF ST. RICHARD, CHICHESTER CATHEDRAL. among the secular clergy, and consecrated by the bbhop of Chiphester in the year 1845. He is recorded to have worked many miracles during his life, particularly at mi« time to have fed three thousand people in a most extra- ordinary and miraculous manner: it is also said of him, that while he was officiating at tlie altar in his old age, be fell down, through weakness, with the chalice in his band, the wine in which was not spilt. He died in the year 1245, and was buried in the cathedral. f \ ST. MARY S HOSPITAL, CHICHESTER, . SUSSEX. This Hospital is situated in the north-east quarter of the city of Chichester : it was originally a nunnery, and was founded by William, the fifth dean of the cathe- dral church of the Holy Trinity in that city, about the year 1173, or 1174. It is not possible to discover at what period, or on what occasion, it was converted into an Hospital for indigent persons. Early in the thirteenth century the parish church of St. Peter having become ruinous, Ralph Neville, who was at that time bishop of Chichester and lord chan- cellor of England, procured that the parishioners (who could not have been very numerous, since there were only two or three houses in the parish) should have the right of hearing divine service in the chapel of the Hos- pital, and of having other spiritual assistance they re- quired, administered to them by its chaplain. In the year 1407 there occurs an episcopal mandate for the consecration of the chapel attached to the Hos- pital ; and by the style of its architecture the chapel must have been re-edified about this time. The foflowing curious document, which bears date the 10th of October 1447, is a collation to the Hospital, on E 8T.,MAEY'a HOSPITAL, CHICHESTER. the resi^ation of the then warden, John Crowcher, dean of Chichester ; it is written in Latin, and, translated, runs thus:— " Form of collation to the Hospital of the Blessed Virgin Mary, made before sir John Goswell, vicar in the quire of Chichester, in the month and year underwritten. ** To all the sons of Holy Church to whom these pre- sents shall come ; John Clounham, precentor of the ca- thedral church of Chichester, and president and chap- lain of the same place, salvation in the Saviour of all. Be it known unto all by these presents, that we have committed to sir John Goswell, chaplain, the administra- tion and guardianship of the house or Hospital of the poor of the Blessed Virgin Mary, now vacant by the re- signation of the very reverend man master John Crow- cher, dean of the cathedral church of Chichester, and fully and rightfully belonging to our collation, and have conferred the guardianship of the charity, in which col- lation of his admission, under the same context, the said sir John yielded to us accustomed and canonical obedience, and also made corporal oath faithfully to ad- minister the goods of the said house or Hospital, and to give a faithful account of his administration yearly, whilst he shall there continue; and not to alienate the lands, houses, or revenues of the said house or^Hospital ; and not to admit, moreover, any brethren or sisters into the said house or Hospital, without the requisite consent of the dean and chapter first had and obtained, according * 4t&C ST. Mary's hospital, chichesteu. to the form of a. certain statute of ours : and also to ma|ce and faithfully to exhibit to the said dean and chapter, or their deputies by them assi^ed, whensoever it shall seem fitting and expedient for the ^ood of the said Hospital, an inventory of all the reliques, books, vestments, jewels, and fruits, in-coming and revenues of the Hospital. These, and all other charges belonging or which ought to belong to the same Hospital, according to the foundation and statutes of the said Hospital, he also swore fsuthfully to execute and obsen^e with effect. In testimony of which we have to these presents affixed our common seal. Given in our chapter-house, October the tenth, one thousand four hundred and seventy-seven." In July 1543 the then dean appointed John Worth- call as master. William Overton occurs in an act as war- den of the Hospital in the eighteenth year of the reign of queen Elizabeth, on the 30th day of December, in the twenty-fourth year of the reign of that queen. Kitson, the warden, surrendered the charters of the foundation to her majesty, that she might, by renewing them, render the Hospital secure from the statutes which passed under Henry, for the dissolution of religious houses ; and, in the February of the ensuing year, the charters were con- firmed by the queen. The buildings of the Hospital, in their present state, consist of a spacious refectory, adjoining to which, on either side, are the apartments of the brethren and sis- ters, and at its east end the chapel, which is large and Eg 0T. MAEY'a HOSPITAL, CHICllBflTBR. motinelegmat*! in it there are staUi for the memben, and near the altar a veiy fine piscina, with the rtalla, for the priest, deacon, and sub-deacon. Before the year 1770, morning service only was performed in this chapel» but subsequent benefactors have so increased the in- Qome of the chaplain, that morning and evening ser- vice are now daily performed in it. The present mem- bers are six poor women and two poor men, five of whom have a weekly allowance, with a provision of fire-wood yearly, together with a share of the fines, as they fall ; -the other three have only house-room and the rent of the Hospital garden. The affairs of the Hospital have, firom its founda- tion, been under the management of the dean and chapter of Chichester; the very reverend the dean is the present wfurden. >*., f ♦^ * i. ^ ''^K t ^^rrjje^-^a^r^r <^<3^^M(!^7:t2>^^2:3? '■ . n ^^^• •. SAXON DOOR, CHICHESTER, SUSSEX. This interesting specimen of Saxon architectare forms an entrance into the offices attached to the house of the rev. Charles Metcalf, one of the canons residentiary of the cathedral church of Holy Trinity in Chichester. It ap- pears to have been part of an ancient monastery, dedicated to St. Peter, which occupied the site of the present ca- thedtal till the time that the episcopal seat was translated from Selsey, where it was originally founded in the year 711. The translation took place in 1075, in consequence of a regulation made by Williani I. which eqjoined the removal of the bishop's seats from villages to the prin* cipal cities of their respective dioceses — accordingly, Dorchester was removed to Lincoln, Litchfield to Chester, Sherborne to Salisbury, and Selsey to Chichester. Sti- gand, chaplain to William the Conqueror, was the first bishop of Chichester : he lived about twelve years after his translation. The church which he erected here was almost destroyed by fire on the 5th of May 1114, at which time Ralph was bishop ; by him it was rebuilt, being greatly assisted therein by the munificence of king Henry, who was much attached to him. Another fire, far more destructive, happened In the time of bishop Selfrid, G SAXOV DOOB9 CBICHBSTBB. which nearly covamed the church, and the baildiiifB con- nected with it I these were probably the remain of the monastery of St. Peter. The conjecture that the door represented in the Plate was the only part of the edifice which escaped this conflA^ration* is strengthened by there being no other remains of Saxon architecture existing here. The arch of the door is supported by two colunns with plfiin capitals, and ornamented with two bands of sigiaf of dissimilar dimensions, separated from each other by a round moulding ; the Inner band has a ball in each |i)4entnre. Tlie grpnnd does not appear tp have been much raised I ^qce the erection of the door, as the plinths and bases of thf cptamu afe yW>\9 9^)».ove the pavement. tA.-lyi^<-^r C^/'^>/^. tl>^>f^r . S'kJiMrfmtmim»fnaS!'Jifa*»S. ■ ■■ ■:. J '••:•'!: .\"; -^i'l ;^i «ri, -. I , - !! TOP" . ^ ..\C f»l«a !• » Mr-' •'''.:•'.. .. ' ; t ■• (..».!»» ii , • , . •' ' '*•''••. I !. •' r..- ;'nt ii';;?, i; t \ CHICHESTER CROSS, SUSSEX. Tms CriMB at Chichester stands near the cathedral, at tile Intersection of the four principal streets of the ctty. It was erected in the fifteenth century by bishop Edwatd Story, and was, tiil within the last two years, nsed as a market-place ; bnt the increased population of Chichester requiring a more extensive area for that purpose, a large and convenient market-house, has recently been built in the north street, on^he completion of which It was pro- posed to take down the ancient market cross, then cdn- sidered as a nuisance. But the city is likely to be ex- empted from the odium of such a proceeding by the pub- lic spirit of an individual, who purchased certain houses on the north side of the Cross, intending to widen the street on that side by their demolition : it is likewise in contemplation to restore the ornamental parts of the Cross where they are decayed, and to enclose its several entrances with an iron fence; by this means its beautiful interior will be preserved from the rude assaults of the clowns that continually infest it. It is much to be wished that these improvements may be extended to the removal of. the clumsy modern turret that surmounts the Cross, and the restitution of its ancient termination. E CVICHB8TBK CROSS. Chichester Cross Is one of the most elegant bvildiiigs of the kind now ezlstini: in Eogiaod i its form is octangular, having a strong Initinent at each angle, sarmonnted with pinnacles i on each of its faces is an entrance through a pointed arch, ornamented with crockets and a finial. Above this, on four of its sides, is a tablet, ii|Bcril>ed to commemMrate Its tepaiatlon in the relf n of Charles If. : «boveeach tablet ls« dial 4bat pf«sents the ha«r4o4lHCe ^ the priMclpal streets % the fonrtli b excluded from 4his advantage by standing at an aflgle. In the centre is a laigeTOiad colnmn, the iMsemebt of which forms a seat; Into this column is inserted a«amber of grolnl^gs, tbat, spreading from the centre, forms the reef, beantiAilly ■lonldedi the central colmnn appears to contimK 4hrM|gli 4he roof, and issnpperted withootby eight Ayiag bat—ts 4hat vest en the^everal comen of4fab bnildiiig. 4 t- r ■»iv . . . • ' V ■ .i. 1.^ ' . *'■ *%■ • \^ v^^J '>■'■■■ ^i AMBERLEY CASTLE, A STRUCTURE, situated on the east side of the river Aruii, it the foot of the South DIkWiis, is four miles nOrth-^ast firom Arundel, haviii|^ the south Downs on the south, a wide extent of level tnarsh land on the north, the river Arun at a small distance oil the west, and Ambeiiey vil- lage and church on the east. It was erected by William Rede, hishop of Chichester/ in the rei^n of Edward III. A. D. 1968, as a residence for himself and his successors; but being- afterwards leased out to several families, among whom were those of Goring, Butler, Briscow, Parker, &c. it ultimately came into the possession of lord Selsea. The episcopal castle b degraded to a farm-house. The building was constructed on a rock, and form» a parallelogram, with a southern entrance between two^ small round towers, with grooves for a portcullis. It i» defended on the south by a foss, over which a bridge leads to the principal entrance. On the north and west sides> by the low rocky precipice on which it stands, it does not appear to have been of any great strength ; the ruins of an arch within the walls, however, show the architecture to have been light and elegant. AMBBRLBY CATTLB. The dump of trees near this andent mansion, situated on the adjoining hill^ serves as a searmaik, and is called Fitdeworth Tilt. Amberiey» the village whence the Castle takes its name, consists of a long scattered street of mean build- ings ; but the land is rich and fertile. Adjoining to the Powns the soil is chalky ; in the valley it consists of a lich black earth, producing crops of wheat in great quan- tities. The church of this village is a small structure, con- taining a body, chancel, and a square tower at the west end ; and is kept in decent repair. The living is of veiy •maU value. PEVENSEY CASTLE, SUSSEX. PcTENSET, though now a small village, was formerly of some note. Its Castle is of undoubted antiqMity ; and, from the great number of Roman bricks worked into itf walls, b supposed lo stand on the site of a stiU more an- cient edi6ee« At this place William the Conqueror made his de- barkation ; and about eight miles from hence was fought the decisive battle of Hastings-. The town and castle of Pevensey was given hy the Conqueror to Robert, earl of Morton in Normandy, his brother by the mother's side^ who was created earl of Cornwall in the succeeding reign. He was succeeded ia his possessions by William, earl of Morton and Corawall, who, on being refused the earldom of Kent, entered into a rebellion ; whereupon the king seized upon this town and castle, and gave them to Gilbert de Aqnila, with all the land thereunto be- longing. In the lifetrme of his immediate successor, thia town and castle reverted to the crown; and after divers changes they, by girft from king Henry II. became the property of Richard de Aquila, whose posterity enjoyed them quietly till the reign of Henry III. when Gilbert de Aquilla, by disorderly conduct, made himself obnox- PEVENSET CA8TLE» ions io the king, who seized upon all bis estates. 17hi» honoor, in the nineteenth jear of his reign, the king granted to Gilbert Marshal, earl of Pembroke, during pleasure. In the twenty- fifth year of his reign he gave the honour to Peter de Savoy, uncle to his queen, and afterwards granted him the inheritance thereof, with the Castle and its appurtenances. Before the reig;n of James I. this Castle was a part of the possessions of the dutchy of Lancaster; for James, by his letters patent under the seal of that dutchy, dated 18th of June, granted to Edward, earl of Dorset, the castle of Pevensey and portreve of Pevensey, to hold the same during his life. For a considerable length of time this Castle had been held by the Pelham family, under a lease from the dutchy of Lancaster, till some years since his grace the late duke of Newcastle gave It up to the late earl of Wilmington, on his being created baron Pevensey. It now belongs to the Northampton family. / 6^' - ■■'<■'■ :i!!l!!l!ill ilHiti:' ,.> ,^ ,, ■ .{ r.i •V .. ^»«.o THE STANE STREET^ SUSSEX. This is one of the Roman roads, among many others, not mentioned in the Itinerary of Antonine, aShough well known the whole way from Chichester (the Regn^ of the Romans) to London. The military ways of the Romans were constructed with considerable ingenuity and labour, and may be de* scribed as a causeway of ten or twelve feet high : they led in a direct line from one town to another, which was sel- dom a greater distance than fifteen or twenty miles. The materials used in their construction were generally taken from the neighbourhood through which they passed, such as flint in the chalky districts, and stone where it most abounded: in some instances the surface was covered with pebbles or gravel. When we consider the great progress of cultivation, and the continual change in the inhabitants of this coun- tiy for the last 1800 years, it is hardly fair to expect traces of all the Roman roads, or the most trifling marks even of the military posts that were constructed on them : but in the instance before us we have a fine specimen, called the Stanef or Stone-ttreeU This road came from London, and entered the county of Sussex by Oakwood, TBE tTANB STRBBT. ftndpMiinc by Slinfold and Billingbant, enteiM Palbo- roufh ; whence It goes towards Hardbam, ColdwaHham, and ascending the steep acclivity of Bignor hill, passes over dating beacon, from which spot our Drawing was made. Here the view opens with amazing grandeur ; the road keeping its course over some irregular ground to the North Wood, through which it passes, and is again visi- ble ov|§the corner of Halnaker Down, falling in with the present turnpike at Halnaker, and approaching the Roman station at Chichester* In the extreme dis- tance is the Isle of Wight, with a large portion of the English Channel, and Spithead on the right: perhaps there are ii&w situations in the kingdom that present a view so grand and interesting. ^^ ■I I'r... r at- 1 I . • sayham abbey, ' SUSSEX. Begeham, or, as it is called, Bayham Abbey, is situated partly in tbe parish of Lamberburst and partly iQ that of Trant, in the county of Sussex ; at the distance of Bbout six miles from Tunbridge Wells, in a south-east direction. The monks, to whom it was allotted, belonged to the canons regular of the Pnemonstratension Order. Bayham Abb6y was amongst the first of this order, although its community was not originally established on the present spot ; for, it appears, that their first esta- blishment was at Otteham, in Sussex ; and, afterwards, at Brockley, in Deptford. These primary foundations had taken place about the middle of the twelfth century, through the pious munificence, of Ralph de Dene : but the former place having been found objectionable, from its extreme poverty, they soon removed to Brockley; and hindrances to their comforts prevailing here also, sir Robert de Thumham (a great patron of monastic establishments, and one who had accompanied Richard I. to the holy wars), with the consent of the earl of Clare, his lord, granting to these canons all his lands at Bege- ham, in pure and perpetual alms, for the purpose of building a new abbey, in honour of Ella de Sackvile, the BAYHAM ABBBT. daughter of their original founder, they mored to thi« ipot, and here permanently established their community. This event took plaee on tba feaat of the Annunciation, A. D. 1200. The present remains of this Abbey consist of the gateway, the nave of the church, and its attached of- ftees, a part of tbt refectory, and apparently mximi fMS tion of the dototers ; together wHh some ceUavt orvp pendages to the butmy. The ehureh it a faandsoiBt building, perfect in its outline and prfaidpal waHs, add oontains soma beautiAil Gothic windowSy and vftrtoos good specimens of the ardutecture of the thirteentll century. At the north-east end of the ehinnsb are the remaini of a turret staircase, which would appenr to have conducted to a rood-loft, opening, probably, intii the church, above the high altar: the traces of this also are very noticeable. Bayham Abbey is placed in a very defightftii country : but, like most of the edifices of that destirlp- tion, is not in such a situation, as, according to ifto* dern ideas, would have been deemed the most eligible. But our ancestors had their notions of (comfort on tlMi subject; whereon tliey seem uniforn^y to have acted* Shelter yielded them greater inducements than proa* pects ; nor did they seem to have our apprehensiotts of damp. The Abbey is accoitUngly placed in a low, flat situation, immediately surrounded by water, and en* closed on all sides by the rising hiUs. But the soil is K J THK Nii'A' -YO?^K PUBLIC LliiKA'RY TIUDEN FOONOAnoy* BAYMAM ABBEY* MtrMy drjpy aai the water consitts pri&cijpaUy of the Btfeam whidi formi the boundary between the counties of Kent and ScMsez. WHh the materialSy which were proeured from many parts of these extensive ruins^ a former possessor of the place has built a smaH commodious dwelling) BAYRAM ABBBY* wliieby ttom Mofr pliMd too nev the ndni, has nd* th«r the advantage of a good view of theniy nor in it- self contributes to the beauty or charaeter of the scene. The manor is now the property of eaii Camden, and Bayham is adopted for his second titk. THE JSIK^V VG^ >: PUBLIC Liii.xU.V • . fj! :fo;- •««kkU| «:«.iA v>i i^uutuaiiiptODy WHO uuiib uic pii;acui. J c CX)WDRY HOUSE, SUSSEX. CowoRY HousB, near Medhiii8t» in Sussex, is beautifully situated in a valley^ between two well- wooded hills, a river running between them, through an extensive park, in which are some of the noblest chesnutrtrees that are to be found in England. The adjacent country serves as ft strikingcontrast to the beautiful scenery of the grounds^ being sterile, and capable of little improvement ; t^e father of the late lord Montague, however,- attempted to render the licinity of the park more agreeable by plan- tations of fir, which, in some measure, have the desired eiCect : the prospect from the house is rather confined in the directions of north and south, owing to the two ridges of hills, between which it lies. Cowdry and the manor of Medhurst belonged to the crown in the time of Henry VIII. and were given, in exchange for other lands, to the heirs of John Nevill, marquis Montague, and, upon the ' division of his lands, came to Lucy, his fourth daughter, who first married sir Thomas Fitzwilliams, of Aldwarke, in the county of York, knight ; and, afterwards, sir An- thony Browne, knight, great standard-bearer of Eng- land. She was succeeded by her son, William Fitswil- Uam, earl of Southampton, who built the present man- c COWDRT BOUfB. •ioDi at appears by hb anns, and other devioes, displayed in its yarious parts. It was built in form of a.qaadrangle, with the principal front towards the west^ in the centre of which was the entrance-g^te, flanked by two towers. The eastern side coasistied «f the ehapel, hall, and din- ing-parlour : the chapel was superbly fitted up, and had an altar-piece of peculiar beauty. The hall was deco- rated with painUngs of architecture by Robertiy and statues by Group6; at the upper end was a buck staad- in|^, carved in broWn wood, having on the a hmiW cr a ahield, witti the arms of England; and under it the arras of Browne, with many (^pxarterings, earved m wood : there were ten other bucks, large as life, ttam&ng, sit^ ting, and lying, some with srnaH banners of ams, aup- ported by tiieir leet. This fadl and staircase were paint- ed by P^egrini, with the story of Tancred and Cloriada, from Tasso. The parlour was embellished by HolbeiD, or some of his scholars. On the south side of iSne quad- rangle was a long gaHery, in which was painted ^t Twelve Apostles, as large as life ; and on the north side was another gallery, containing many ancient, whole- length pictures of the family, in thar proper habits ; Kkewise, four historical pieces, two copies of Raphael's marriage ; of Cupid and Psyche, and several old religi- ous and military paintings from Battle abbey. The looms were all stately and woll famished, adorned with pictures by the best masters. In the break£ast-room was a cabinet, full of very curious pieces of ivory work, con- «>.• .^:*-^-, K. .■*«.' ■ >^'i <;. ^ii^-^ ♦/».« ^ .%^». 1 C- COWDftT Hovn. listing of small and deHcate flowen, tarned by one cyf the lords of this house,' who used to amuse himself with such work: in one of the rooms was a picture rept»- seating him at his tiiming-wheeL The pictures that were painted upon the walls were preserved^ during the civil wars, by a coat of plaster, laid over the stucco : one of the officers quartered here, exercising his weapon against the wall, broke out from one of the subjects the head of Henry VIII. which was afterwards replaced. This beautiful etfifice, with most of its valuable contents, an enumeration of which would tar exceed our limits, was ruined by fire on the night of Tuesday, Sept. 84, 1793; an account of which is given by Mr. Gough, as follows : " Mrs. Chambers, the housekeeper, who, with tht porter, and one or two more servants, were the only in- habitants of this spacious mansion, had retired to rest at her usual hour, eleven, in full confidence that all was safe, and not the smallest light was to be seen; she had scarcely slept an' hour before she was alarmed by the watchman, with the cry of fire in the north gaUeiy, and immediately saw it in fiames, with all its valuable con* tents, without the possibility of saving a single article. The inhabitants of Medhurst, from which the house is not a mile distant, were soon ready to assist, in great numbers, and no help was wanting to remove the fumi« ture, pictures, and library, from the three other sides of the quadrangle ; but the firmness . of the materials ren- c8 COWDRY nOV»B« dered it impouible to break down any part« so as to stop the profpress of the ftames ; they quickly spread to the east side of the oourt, in which was the gpreat haU, cha- pel, and dinin^-parlour; these there was opportunity to unlumish, and to save the altar-piece, by Annigoni, but the historical paintings, on the walls of the dining- parlour, were involved in the devastation, and the stucco on which they were painted, flaked off the walls." Thus, this magnificent mansion was rendered a pile of ruins, on which the capricious hand of time conti- nues to impress a diversity of forms, which are moulded by the luxuriant growths of nature into the beautiful and picturesque. The western side of the building con- tains the most perfect vestiges of its architecture. The opposite extremity, with the galleries on either side, though more dilapidated, retain many traces of their former splendour; upon the walls of the dining-parlour remains of the pictures are still visible, and the windows of the hall and chapel are almost entire : within the quadrangle lies the half-consumed trunks of some of the wooden bucks above mentioned. The whole site, collec- tively viewed from the heights within the park, exhibits an impressive scene 9f ruined and deserted grandeur. ' ,a; " ' /u-9/.'/U^y//^,yu >;.!' I- ' . .). MONASTERY OF GREV FRIARS, WINCHELSEA, SUSSEX. Tnis Monaster}' is reported to have been founded by William de Buckingham, who dedicated it to the Virgin Mary ; its possessions were confirmed by king Edward III. fdrfher than this its history is extremely obscure. After the dissolution in the tbirty-sizth of Henry VlII. its site was granted to William Clifford and Michael Wildbore. The annexed View is part of the church, with a turret, in which is a staircase for ascending to the roof; a stand was here erected by the custom- bouse officers for the advantage of an extensive prospect along the coast. The town of Winchelsea stands upon the flat summit of a rising ground, about two miles in circumference : and united to the main land only by a narrow isthmus. £x" cept in that part, it was formerly surrounded by the flow- ing tide ; walls and ramparts it needed none ; the hill on which it stood, was edged with perpendicular rocks, and at full sea rose from the water's edge. An excellent har- bour, perfectly secure from the piratical attempts of those times, gave it superiority over all the cinque ports. Trade flourished, buildings increased, and a castle was built by Henry YIII. for its defence. In short, it grew into & D 8 MOHAITBftT OF GBKT FAIAR8, WIKCHELSBA. towD of greater iplendour' than aay town In England, ex- cept the capital* Abovt the end of £lizabetb*8 reign the calamity of a retiring tea began to be felt. The channel which led shfps to the harbour was ftrst cbolced, and by insensible degrees the whole coast was deserted. From this circamstance Wlnchelsea declined apace, the churches became ruins, and desolation prevailed over the whole compass of the bill,. Insomuch, that a town once spreading over a surface of two miles is now shrunk Into a few houses in a comer of Its ancient site: Its extensive streets, laid out at right aiig1e«» may still be traced. iirn\ ^-H .,:f i' ' . HOLY GHOST CHAPEL, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE. On an eminence at the northern extreodity of Basing- stoke, are situated the remains of Holy Ghost Chapel, so called from its having been connected with a brotherhood or guild of the Holy Ghost, instituted by sir William Sandys, knt. afterwards first lord Sandys, and Fox, bishop of Winchester, under a license from Henry VIH. This fraternity was dissolved in the first of Edward VI. and its possessions vested in the crown ; but in the first of Philip and Mary, a brotherhood was again established here, and the former possessions re-granted " for the maintenance of a priest, for the celebration of divine ser- vice, and for the instruction of the young men and boys of the town of Basingstok/' About the beginning of the reign of James I. the brotherhood became extinct ; and during the confusion of the civil wars, the chapel estate was seized by parliament,, and the school shut up ; but through the care of bishop Morley, the estate was again restored, about the year 1670. The site of this chapel is traditionally said to have been occupied by a religious structure from the pehod of the Saxon times ; and the present building is generally ascribed to the above sir William Sandys* Tbe building, though small, is much BOLT OBOBT CHAriL. vnrlched with sculpture. The only parts now stand- ing are the south and east walls, with an hexan^lar tower at the south-west angle, in which yras formerly a staircase. On the piers between the windows on the south side, are long narrow pedestals, with niches rising above them. The angles of the tower are decorated in a similar manner : the walls are of brick, cased with free- stone. The effect arising from the elevated situation of these ruins is extremely beautiful. The building appears to have been first dilapidated in the civil wars, and has been almost entirely neglected ever since. The large regular apartment to the westward of the Chapel is sup- posed to have been the body of an ancient church to which the Chapel was attached. '^.'^V^^ '*'. **v ■ WEST GATE, WINCHESTER, This walls of the city of Winthcster are of great anti- quity ; tli6y are supposed to have been first built by the Homan commander P. Ostorius Scapula, to defend the city and adjacent country from the Incursions of the yet unconqoered Britons. They are composed of flints and strong moritar, and although alterations have been made, and repairs have frequently been necessary, their substance and general form, excepting on the south side, yet remains. There were originally four gates, each facing one of the cardinal points ; that on the west is the only one which now remains, the others having been taken down by the commissioners of pavements, appointed under an act passed in the year 1770. The West Gate stands near the ancient precincts of the castle ; several parts of it have the appearance of the same age with the city walls. The machicolation, the grooves for the portcullis, the busts, the shields inscribed with quatrefoils, and the greater part of its west front, display workmanship of later and dif- »ferent ages. Adjoining the Gate are some remains of an ancient chapel, called St. Mary in the Ditch, the ruins of which are seen in the annexed Print. At a little distance from the Gate are some remains of a turret, which, with WEST GATC, WIlfCHBSTlSft. another of the same description, defended tbe interme- diate (pace of tlie wall ai far as tlie Hermit^s Tower at tlie nortliem extremity. Ylie mios of several otiier turrets may be traced on tlie north side. The wall to the east had the river Itcbin for its military foss i and this river, as appears by a charter granted by kin^ Ed- mund to his sister Edburga, and the abbey of St. Mary was, before the year 960, navigable in this part. The wall on the south was extended beyond its original bounds by the founder of Wolvesey castle, and, being strongly for- tified with towers, became the outwork of that fortress. Winchester abounds with curious and beautiful relics of antiquity, many of which will probably be noticed ib the progress of this work. '^iil-e tl^,': ■.-,':'•: ■ . I. • J WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL, BAMPSHIME. The Cathedral «f Winchester k g«nef«% esteemed ii ao oblong stone; this figure is armed cap-a-pie, in a hauberk, with bis sword and shield ; the latter of which bears quarterly two bulls passant, gorged with collars and bells, and three garbs, being the armorial bearings of the noble family of De Foix, of which was the Captal de ^ Buck, one of the first knights of the garter at the com- mencement of the order. On a slab placed perpendicu- larly against the acljoioing wall of the choir, are several shields emblazoned with the arms of the royal families of England, France, Castile, Leon, &c. There is no in- scription remaining to point out for whom this figure was- intended ; but Gall, in his Antiquities of lYincbester^ p. 32, gives the following inscription as having existed on the monument : ** Hie jacet Willielmus- cornea d* iusuia Vana attas Wincallf" the parish of that name lies on the river Itchin, and might formerly have been insulated* The verger, in reply to an inquiry, said it was a knight of the name of Ftx^ evidently meaning De F9is. This B MUTILATED MOHUMBRT IV WIHCBEBTBE CATHEDRAE llfure tnlTercd leverely from the Iroooclaiti, at the time of Cromweiri taking ponewion of the city, who amoni^st other niatilationi have entirely haciied away the rif^ht Ugy Umriog only tht fool connected with the Uoo coo* chaot, agaiort whkh ihr Hf^are rettt. - ->.:r./ * Til ' "■ p^ HHH W Mi s '4 Bfc -a<^d|^ ^fe m SM K''^^V '^^^K ^ 1' vj^^i B^ THE HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS, HAMPSHIRE. The Hospital of St. Cross is situated io a delightful valley, at tke -distance of aboat one mile ffom the city of Winchester, from which place the footpath to St. Cross -winds aloog the margin of a pleasant river, which enlivens a sceue rendered beaatiful and picturesque by cottages and farms, that are interspersed in every direction.' Drawing nearer to the ancient walls of St. Cross, the mind is imperceptibly diverted from the charms of nature and of rurai life, to ruminate on the remains of this' once splendid establishment, which retains more of the appearanoe of monastic order than is now to be found elsewhere in the kingdom. It was founded by Henry' de Bloi$, bishop of Winchester, in the year ilS2, for' the health of his own floul and the souls of the kings of England. The original institution ^ras for the mainte* nance of thirteen poor men, so debilitated by age and' infirmities as to be unable to maintain themselves without charitable assistance t these men were to have contSnuar habitation in the Hospital, and to be provided with proper clothing, and beds suitable to their inirmities;' and also to have a dally allowance of good w beaten' bread, good small beer, three messes each for dinner, ^nd one for supper : but in case any one of these should * B taS HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS. happen to reco?er a snflcient degree of Btrengtb, to as to be jadged able la maiatala lii«iself» Iw ahtald brrespect- Ailly discharged, and another admitted into his place. Besides these thirteen poor brethMi, one hundred other poor, of modest behaviour, and the most indigent that Oonld bo found, sbonid be racei? ed daily at dinner, and have each a loaf wi ooosmon bread, one mesB, and a proper allowsneo of beer, with leave to carry a^y with then whatever they did not cnuMme on the spol. The tandcr afao directed other charHloB to be dtetri- bnted aOMing tlie poor in general, in such proportion as Ibe revenoes of the Hospital shiinid be ftinnd able to allow, the whole of which was to be applied to chari- table uses. There was abo a foundation for a master, with Ibe salary of from seven to eight pounds annualiy, taffther with a steward, four chaplains, thirteen derks, and seven choristers (the latter of whom were kept at school in the Hospital), besides servants. The endowments of this Hospital were not altogether derived from the founder's own private fortune, but con- shited principally in the donations of diven considerable rectories belo^ing to bis diocese, or that vrere nnder his patronage; the -greater part of which, though granted to the Hospital by his express terms of the charier of foun- dation, were, nevertheless, only made sulject to the pay- neat of certain aomial pensions, except the churches of Httsbome, Whitchnreb, Farehamy and Twyford, with their chapels. li: -.1 '-/^ •- ^.... •li'^fth"***-, ..- 1 ' •'■■■.. . '•/i"i'? n:r' J c *. or? re o: iir"T- • : .."•• .rv, :»car » - •I ii'.'p r; tun trofiMTAti ey w. moM. ne feremies of tlie Hospital appear, 1>y ftn oli record of InqQisHioo, to have anoimted orfgiDidly to ^t50 per annum ; in VTykeliaiii'B time ftliey were said by Jiiniy in liisletten to the pope, to be above £9^ per an- aum, and were afterwards prored by one of the stewards, "cotevporary with that bisliop, as well as to several other person!, to have exceeded the yearly amonnt of •£400 : the whole freefrom^l dedactrons or taxes, either to tlie pope or kln^, as being entirely appropriated to the use and benefit of the poor, except ^ : 4 : 6 ptr an" num^ which was thevaloatioo of the master's portion. The particular allowances to the peer, according to the above inquisition, were as follow : each of the Mr* teen eecolar brethren were . allowed daily one loaf of good wheaten bread, of five narks weight (vif . three pounds ibor oaaces)^ aae gaHon and a half of good small beer:; they had also a pottage tailed morfr^l, made of railk and Vfatttl bred, a dish of fiesh or fish, as the day stiOQld require, and a pittance for their dinner, likewise one dish for their-supper. The hundred casual poor were fed in a hall appointed for this purpose, called from this circumstance— tf^uftffreff-meiitte#*Aa/{. The controllers and head administrators of this cha- rity were, by the appointment of De Blois, the Religious Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, whose peculiar institute was to take care of hospitals, and who had a preceptory at Baddesley, near Lymiogton, In this county. But t^e sttCceedtttg bishop, Richard Toclyve, di^^etng. B S THK HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS. with them concerning the admioistration of tlie, Hospital, at the instance of the sovereign, Henry II. and upon cer? tain -conditions agreed upon between the parties, they resigned their charge into the hands of the prelate and his successors. Todyve, being bent upon the improvement of this charity, provided that an additional hundred poor, persons should be supported on it, besides those appointed by his predecessor. In the end, however, he seems to have bnilt and founded an hospital of his own (St. Mary. Magdalen) on the opposite side of the city. The insti- tution of St. Cross, having been much injured aud diverted from its original purpose, by certain masters of it, in the foarteenth century, it was, with infinite pains, and many a. tedious process, both In the spiritual and temporal courts, brought back to its original perfection by WiU liam of Wykeham, who made use for this purpose of his able confident John de Campden, having appointed him to the mastership of it. In short, this establishment, as Lowth remarks, was put upon so good a footing by Wykeham and Campden, that the succeeding bishop, cardinal Beaufort, being resolved to imitate tite conduct of his predecessors, in making some permanent charitable foundation, chose rather to enlarge ttiis ancient institution than to erect a new one* With this view be made an en-, dowment for the maintenance of two more priests, thirty- ' five additional poor men, residents in the house, and of three women to attend upon such as were sick. The inten- tion of Beaufort was, that his charity should be applied THE NBW YOKE PUBLIC tllRARY AtTOR, LBNOX AN* I . f \t : , < • < '¥HE HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS. chiefly to the relief of decayed gentlemen: and heap* pointed that the Hospital, which he nearly rebuilt, should be called the Alms House of Ndble Poverty, The present establishment of St. Cross is but the wreck of the two ancient institutions, having shared the fkte of many other hospitals at the reformation. Instead df seventy residents, as well clergy as laity, who were here entirely supported, besides one hundred out-mem- liers, who daily received their meat and drink, the cha- rity consists at present but of ten residing brethren and three ont-pensioners, exclusive of one chaplain and the master. The allowance to the inmates is one pound of meat per day, three quarts of good small beer, and five loaves of wheaten bread, each loaf weighing twenty- four ounces, besides certain additional allowances of meat and drink on particular da^^s, and sixpence weekly. The out-pehsioners have each a stipend of ;>^10 per annum during life: the sum of 25«. is also distributed among the poor every year, being the remainder of the re- venue formerly appropriated to the feeding of the poor in the Hundred-mens-hall. There is besides at this time a daily allowance to the porter, of a certain quantity of ' bread and beer, for the refreshment of poor travellers, who are entitled to a piece of white bread, and a cup of beer oh demand : this demand is frequently made by per- sons of different quality, for the sake of enjoying the pe- culiarity of the custom. This Hospital is entered on the nortb side througb a tUK 11QUPITAI4 or %%• cEoti. Urftt 9itciv«3r tb«ft kMi Into the fint co«n» vliicli i» fttdfly «oTf ltd with gfa^i. H««» 9b 4lie Irft hamif u, warn the Haiidred*iiieQ«-liall» htUig the refectory 10 wlu«k Uie bnndred Q«t-lMiar4en uted t« be icxved nlA tbeir 4»Ujr portlQ*!* Higii up «t the eMteni ead of it, thcie «ppe%n tQ have been 1^ windows by naeftDt of whick the iMiter was enabled » froui an apartneot ooauaaoicatias with it» to impact the bthavioar of this clait of poor mea. It it aboat forty feat lom;, and i« aow taraed lafto a brewboQie* Qn the rif ht hand 1$ a range of bttUdiogi, which comtitated the l^itcben* sculicry, and olhar offices aeceiiary for preparing food for so laxge a family. In froat of m wo have^ on oae lide, the back of the porter*s lodfe»on the other» the two north w indowa of the brethren's bally and in the ccalre» the lofty and beauiifal tower raised by the second founder Beanfort^ whoso statna, in bis cardinal's hat and rohes» appeals kneeling in an ele- gant niche on the npper part of it. There are two other niches on the same level ajg4 of the same form. In the cornice, over the gales of tbift tower, we behold tlio car- dinal's hut displayed, together with the husls of his father, John of Geunt, of bis royal nopbews Henry lY. and Henry V. and of hit predecessor Wykel>am« lo the spandrils, on each side, appear the fomnder's araw» vis. France and England qaarterVy. The centre base, in the groining of the said gatarray^ is carved into, a curious cross, composed ofleaves, and surrounded with a crowa of thorns. Oa the left band i« the door of the porter's lodge. ^L/.r^jr ^^r \C-'/y^<'iWL-:^il-7Ui/.^!?yr;^\ I'ftLrhJartJuAvsiiAyrj. t. fHiZtrlx. ya^BondS.'t^fuirpmbr. OUBaaiS^JimSjSa* «■ III r > .- r; , '. r-i-a-.- ■■" for .•».i^' .» • : mart Thrdttfh.tbt gtlt of tlito tower imi^ b« Mm fkt imHI porch of th* thtitth I tkU ii Mttttd by aft ftreht th« m|k portiii^ pllUrt of wDch appear to iMVe gUttt lrfty» thoogli accordiog to Dr. Milaer, from whO0« Htotory of Wiaebester tiM prneiit aecoant of 9t. Cross Is pftnelfrally citracted, it was ortgiaally so eoastraeted. We now pass into the seeond or prfaieipat eonrt, where we behold the church of De Blois, whlcbiMlvaiicei a considerable way Into the court, aitd preirettif its t^Bg a perfect parallelogram. On the left haod of the court, stretching ^m the north transcept of iht charch to the porter's lodge, is a long open portico l9Si ftet in length, called in ancient times an Ambirtatory, being calculated hr the exercise of the brethren in bad weather. This part of the fabric, with the chambeft over it, bear prooA of the alterations that have been made in them, both by Sherbonrne, master of the Hos- pital in the reign of Henry VII. and by Compton, who governed it in that of Charles II. ; still, howerer, it Is not Improbable, that the substance of the building is part of the original work of the Urst ibonder, De Blols. 7be aforesaid chambers are to this day caHed Tht Huntl'HaorMy being the apartments which the three hospital sisters, who were appointed to attend the sick, occnpied, as tike- wise the biflrmary, where the ffck brethren themselves were lodged daring their illness. At the east end ot these apartments Is seen a window commffnicatfaigf with the cbwch, which being opeaed, tie patleitts as they lay In XSR aoipiTAii or IT. caos»« their bedi, migbt aMeod to the lervicei theie goii^ far- ward. Looking upon the sooth front of the tower, from |he imide of the court, we see a single niche, resembliog those which are seen on the north side » this was liUed with a female statue of the Yirfin Mary, antil within the last fifty years, when it fell down, and was destroyed by ficcident. A4Joiniqg to the tower, on the west side, is the common hall or refectory, to which we ascend hy a flight of stone steps. The windows are elegantly pro- portioned and mnllioned, and have heretofore been en- tirely filled with painted glass, the remnants of which, and in particular the cardinal^s arms and motto, still remaia ia most of them ; the roof is left open to the timbers, which are of Irish oalc, and well disposed in the Gothic fashion. Next to tlie hall are the master^s apartments, which are spacious and convenient. The windows of one of its galleries are ornamented with .some curious specimens of ancient painted glass. The whole west wing consists of cells of the brethren, each one of whom has three small chambers to himself and a separate garden, being the precise allotment of the Car- thusian monks. The south wing, having been long unte- nanted and out of repair, has been taken down within these few years. This court is ornamented with a neat grass plat, and planted in many places, particularly along the ambula- tory, with a diversity of shrubs and banks of flowers, which give it a most pleasing appearances affording J / T/i..; r ■'-' ■ . '! vvi Ji T .;f..» • , '■ , , '■ ' f • • • ' ' • '.i*:^ ■ .• f Jiv • , •! , . ,:"• .....' '\» ' . i' i:' '■'' ' CTJ V }; '{Jf ' ..' , : . ■, .. ♦,-. . ; , . •• V 'lis -J h .-J ; ;>.i.. . . , . -•. . .J ! . 1 , •At,' . •THK HOSPITAL 01^ 8t. CRCTSV. a thoroQglifjkre for the country people, it has a gate of egress near the west end of the charch } hence the path leads through . meadows weH planted with forest trees, and beautifully varied by the winding' stream. The .land being unincumbered with underwood, forms an agrees able and convenient pleasnre<»ground for the brethren, who are frequently seen in their cross-impressed gowns wandering among the trees. The church is regularly built, in the cathedral fornr, consisting of a nave and side aisles, 150 feet long: a transcept, which measures ISO feet; and a large square tower over the intersection. It is entirely the work of De Blob, except the front and upper story of the west end, which are of a later date, and seem, to have' been an .efibrt of that great encourager of the arts, William of Wykeham, to produce a st^rle of architecture more ex- cellent, and better adapted to ecclesiastical purposes than what had hisherto been known. This style soon after made its appearance in a regular shape. The west door is an elegant specimen of the early pointed or Gothic style ) it consists of a double arch with trefoil heads, and an open quatrefotl in the centre above them, forming all together one elegant pointed arch, which rests upon four slender columns, with neat plain capitals and bases. . The arched moulding that rests upon the inward pillars, con- sisting of a cup of a flower inverted, in open carved work, is an appropriate ornament of the pointed order, being differeot from every kind of Saxon moulding. Yfe have 9BS SOiriTAIi •W ST. CAOltb h$n alM OM of the irit tpccUMai •! » caM^ ofcr • IKkintcd wrch, wliick •fterwanb bccsaie ao impMtant a BMBb«r of tbit style of •rcUteetttfe, The present c a oopy Is • plaUi weather ■ooldU^y of the saoie mag^e with the wch itself, and rcsls» hy way of corbels, oo two towers, ia s toaJ of hoaan hea4s, thovgh an omanent of the latter kind is seen Ui the open space, jost above the centre colttinn. It may be looked upon as certain, that this Mnaniented portal is not ooeval with the rest of the lower part of the church i and from its style, we m»y saiely pt o aonace that it was altered to its present form ahont the bcginniiv of tlv thirteenth centory. The great west window is divided by simple mnllions into Ave principal lights, the wheel above and other io- termediale spaces being tiled with ornamental trctsfls. This appears to be oae of the earliest speclawns of a fitat west window, beChre transoms and ramified mnl- lioM were iotroduocd i and therefore the western end of the church mast have beea altered to receive this nod the door beneath it about the time above mentioned; the tMtOftt extremity of the cborch be'mg left (as H still con- tinues) ia its original state. There is a plala canopy, without any appearance of a pediment, over the arch of this wmdow, like that over the portal. The chief im- provement is, that it rests in the present instance on eniiici heads f namely, those of a king and a bishop. The cast end of the charch is tanked at the upper part by two elegant towers, which termiaale below ia broad tat ■ it'-. V V- -ti-ruiLi;' /'; .. ' •-•.,• *■'.• \. Ait f : r •', > « •!,. it , M -'•>». • .♦ !».. i*f». • I. ,i lO iKw , >« . £«, f'\ »-ri! ;*lwiv e«€l. siiU' .«:" S*.- ... i' 'J, ^0 ».* ; •«* • •.'• •'.•i' c'la^cl* lai^'ovt-u ..»»v fu re !*«•:». *.^'ii. •n I'V t'au-'.'i' they mu .ii'.-, -?--;^ r.j/r '3t" .->.ic*' •, j'."-f»ji:».' ]»Pa»i i-r '. '4 .s !, • ... t;, <■ . . ,!.■,. '.}»< \ J . -r.i ■ >j,'ar : •. »^:i of p.. ui'ii giVi »»<>». . - . • . - ? ^. ; »•■ •Tl .' .•■••r' "j p. ■»>• .'!' ', itit" u • --if » .. I . 1 • '• • o. ;'' ;: .''•'li a ' h. I > iU' -■•% ■ -.j'* •'. .•»«'. j>< . ; .iv, I'l-f 1. .'i»*«! • it*, .t'.a. .^'./i ■. t'r '.- ; • «» a , .- }' .» .•'»;■:-- joi* .1''-'': ! f ('■ .. . ;• m: >•■ -.^^^H ■^^•^.••:^f ^' :.■ JV . ■ I ; Ui the ceitre there is another biUvcnt of tttt- i foria: on each Mde of thia are four roiiodolieaded^ vtndowa,, the Ivo lover ooea are bUjik, oa accouuBt of the high al tar w hich is boilt agaiott them v Ubia. B&teadiai^ oa either side is a smaU cba|i^'or aiale» with a wiadoWf corKSj^oadiag in fom viib those befoie OMatioood, On the north side of the tliaBccl» dose to the iateraectiop of the transeept, is a. snail pointed dooe;^ thia has the sane mooldiiicB with Uso windo ws»JOs n iediatet y a]|o?e U^aad la^ ocnamented like then with a profoaton of aigsag, beariog the most iadttbitabte marks of a siaiUr age i the arch Is^ sopported by twomtesive coluHiBSywith capitals difihrcntiy carved. Raag^d along each side of the chaoeel, above the^ roofftof the side chapels or aislesyJs a row of arches, which' ficwed externally, appear of the pointed form, bntseoB' within the church they are tnteneetiog circalaif arches^, every alternate head of which being brokea through the waUy leaves a regular range of pointed aircbos i this device - of intersecting circles probably made way for the iniro* dnction of the pointed arch. In the southern tcanscepC are painted arches without the appearance of cireolar taterseclionsy ornamented with zigiag auid other Saxea OMoldings, and supported by Saxon ptHstfs,^ illustratia^ the gradations by which the Saxon style waa changed to the poftBted or Gothic. At the junetion of the chancel and the south traoscept is a siogalar donUe arcb{ thai part of it which is connected with the chwccl composes a complele circolar arch, whiJo thai la the traiH«epl» THK HOSPITAL OF ST. CSOSS. 'ramtfylnff from (he centre of the circalar one, more svd- ^enly meets the capital on which it rests, and iiearly forms one side of a pointed arch — the whole is richly em- bellished with a variety of Saxon ornaments. Entering the church from the west door a range of massWe Saxon pillars presents itself on each side of the naTet these are of the same dimensions in circumference as in length; and have ornamented capitals and bases ; they ■support an incipient pointed arch, which bears the ap- pearance of early Gothic : the whole building seems, indeed, to be a collection of architectural essays, with respect to the disposition and form both of the essential 'parts and of the subordinate ornaments. The windows and arches are some of them short with semicircular heads^, undsome of (hem immoderately long and terminating like a lance. The capitals and bases of the colnmns alter- nately vary in their form as well as in their ornaments ; the same circumstance is obsei-vable in the rrbs of the arches, especially in the north and south aisles, some of them being plain, others profusely embellished, and in dif- ferent styles, even within the same arch. Here we see blmost every kind of Saxcm and Norman ornament — the chevron, the billet, tbe>hatched, the pellet, the fret, the indented, the nubule, and the wavy, all executed In a superior manner. The vaulting of the nave or west end was evidently made by the second founder Beaufort, whose arms, together with those of Wykeham and of the Hospital, are seen in the centre. Between two of the ' ' i.i .•• '\ '■ >. :: .i..-' . t. ..;.■*... ? I - • . < ^.. .-...- .!•■'.. • - ^^ THJ5. HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS.^ , ponderous pillars, in the nave stands the font, whtcb, frera, Hs workmanship, appears to be of the same date with the western part of the building; it is ornamented with flowers and round-headed arches. Near the font, within^ the wall of the church, is a tomb composed of a cinquefoil. arch,8upportedby short columns ; it was probably erected about the middle of the thirteenth century ; the canopy is adorned with crockets and a finial. Looking towards, the east end, the chancel presents a rich specimen of the intersecting ^circular arch, which has been before alluded to. This part of the church is paved with white marble :■ on each side of the high altar are rich screens of Gothic, spire-work carved in stone, and handsomely ornamented.* On each side of tlie chancel, divided from it by the screen,^ is an aisle or chapel, in which are the remains of the two, side altars ; these chapels exhibit an intermixture of dif- ferent styles of architecture: the windows are circular- wlth a broad band of zigzag ; the groining of the roofs is ornamented in. a simijar manner, and springs from slender clustered columns, attached to which in the chapel onr the north side, which we have represented, are brackets,, and an elegant piscina supported by grotesque infantine figures. The transcepts are lighted by large circular windows, with several bands of varied zigzag ; between the indentures of the outer row are figures representing cherubs. Other remarkable things within the church are, the carved figures of illustrious scripture personages over the -lizlMi ttalb ill the chofr, wMch, by tiie style of fin •dcfifD and workmanliip, appear to-be of the reign of Henry ¥11. i the ancient mommeBCal brass, staaiing voder • the tower, to the memory of John de Campden, the friend of Wyheham } and the modem maral mon am ent of Wei- firaa Comwatl, ibrmerly speaker of the boose of commons. There is likewise tome cvrlous painfed glass in the great west window, placed there at the expense of the masfter. Or, Lockman : this consists of ancient iignres of satnts, and of modem ttained glass, containing the arms of fah mijesty, the prince of Wales, and other br a nch e s of the royal Ibmily, as likewise of the Hospital Itself, and In the open qaatrefoil OTcr the door, the arms and Initials of the mid master. Dr. Lockman. We must not for|;et to mention that there Is, in different parts of the pafcneat, a great quantity of glased tHes, -catted and supposed to be Roman, though upon some of them we clearly see the hatched and other Saxon omamen|B, and upon others the English monosyllables Have mynde^ in the common black letter of the fifteenth century, which brings the use of 4hese tiles almost down to our own age. THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY TILDEH POUNDArfONi, I' ' ^\- ^:. '..1. . • V . . ' . -' )' V M K". "1 ' * •• "' ■ -' .c - •- . <"\. \ , ■•►.'.♦>». ; V ' . '- "' * ! ' . '. •• »i-i . . . -t . •• I. • ' •» "J ■• CHRISTCmJRCH TWYNEHAM PRIORY, HAMPSHIRE. Thbrb was at Chnfltehurch a koufe of secular canons of the order of St. Angustiney as eariiy as the year of our Lord 038 ; but by whom, or at what particular time, it was founded, is not now known. In the reign of William Rufiis'we are informed^ that the number of canons was twenty-four, of whom the head canon was denominated senior. Towards the latter end of the reign of king Stephen, it leaving become customary with the patrons of these conventual societies, to change the easy rule of secular canons for the more rigid discipline of regular ones, Baldwin de Redvers, the then patron of Christ- church, adopted the general practice, and, in the middle of the twelfth century, introduced into the monastery of Christchurch, a certain number of cmuna regular of the order of St. Augustine, and placed them under the government by innumerable coats of whitewash, and even of plaster. f utJ'^.''^^'^^'-^''-''''^'''''^' THE 3^5. vV T - ^' PUBUCLi::KXhY M,To«, trwox ^>jft TILDE.H FOUKOATfCV? <*BRI8TCIIUBCR TWimniiM and tbat many of tbem mete sadly defaced^ Heaps of rubbish had accumulated to a great depth in severtt places^ bat more particularly in the southern transeept ; and in the two oratories, at the east side of the northern transeept, several of the windows were blocked up, some with lath and plaster, and others even with stone and brick. The upper part of the fine old font lay broken at the foot of one of the piers on the south side of the nave \ and a modern font, singular only for the rudeness-and in* elegance of its form, had been erected in its place». The hatched work over the arches of the nave had been plas* tered up with a trowel ; and a lath and plaster partition was placed so far forward, across the front of the arche^ immediately above this, as wholly to conceal the shaft of the centre pillar of each.. The stone screen^ which se* parates the nave from the choir, had all its lower parts concealed by a range of pews, nearly eight feet in height, which had been formed agunst it^ The noble and almost unrivalled screen at the high altar was painted in oil, the figures and other prominent parts white, and the back of the niches and all the retired parts dark biue^ The altar rail was a dark red balustrade of the rudest workmanship. The stalls of the choir were almost white with age. The elegant chapel of Caen stone, at the end of the south >kisle of the choir, erected by John Draper, the last prior, had all its beauty hidden by whitewash, which in some of tile angles was nearly half an idch in thickness^ and the •hap^ol Our Lady teblnd the lugk altac vat in » mort deplorable lUte. At the ■ttggvttion and fay the ezertaons of the rev. if r. Biaf ley, the curate of Chriatehurch, a sobecriptioBy which in the whole has amounted to about jgSSO, was begun for the purpose of icetting rid of these and numerous Other defects, and of restoring the Church to, at least ■omething like, its pristine state. Under his superintend- ance and cUrection, the whole of the plaster and white- wash haye been cleansed from the walb ; the defectiTe parts mended ; the rubbish and iilth entirely removed ; seven of the windows opened and re-glazed ; the ancient font restored; the partitions across the first stoiy of arches in the nave removed back to the distance of about three fleet ; the pews in front of the screen taken down, and othera erected in place of them, but in such a situa- tion as to leave a free passagenext the screen about seven feet in width. The altar screen has been entirely cleansed and coloured in distemper to imitate stone. The altar railing has been taken away and a new one placed in its stead. The stalls of the choir have been cleansed and oiled so as to restore them nearly to their original appearance; and numerous other judicious improvements have been effected. Of the windows which have been opened, one is shewn in our View of the northern entrance to the Church, and another in that of the countess of Salisbury's chapel : ^e latter is the laigc windpw over the chapeL In this TH 4'r'i7^ {JW//i .1 V t eimiSTCRURCB TWYNBHAM mORT. view is also to be seen the extremity of the new altar rulings. The font is represented in our View of the nave ; and, in the same View, the effect of removinf^the before-mentioned lath-plaster partition is likewise, ob- servable. The engraving of Draper's chapel will shew, on a small scale, how much has been done towards the restoration of the whole of this highlyrinteresting fabric, by cleansing it from whitewash and plaster. The two transcepts which, formerly, were recepta* cles only for rubbish, are now filled with pews. On entering the Church by the great northern porch we pass through the splendid door-way represented in the title-page to this volume. Standing in the north aisle, at the distance of about four feet from the door, we made our drawing of the nave, which, in this part, is entirely free from pews. The massive piers of the nave, with the stocy of circular, and upper story of pointed arches, give to the building, a singularly grand effect. A narrow gallery extends along all the upper parts of the Church, from the transcepts to t^e western ex- tremity. The font is octagonal, and has, at the alternate angles, the initials I. D. and H. R. It was no doubt formed in the time of John Draper (the first of that name), who was prior of Christchurch in the beginning of the reign of king Henry VII. The screen separating the nave from the ehoir, and on which the organ was placed about twenty, years ago, has been^f very elegant workmanship. It contains twelve niches for statues. CHRISTCHURCB TVTYKEHAll PRIORY. each niche supported by three short columns placed in a triang^Ie, the capitab of which, enriched with fi4iage, are all different. On the east side of the northern transcept there are two oratories that contain some very interesting^remaunt of ancient architecture. ' The choir is a work of great ma^ificenoe ; the altar screen and the countess of Salisbury's chapel» on the north side of the communion rails, constitute its most important features. The former, the production of the fourteenth century, is thirty-three feet in heig:ht, and twenty-one feet in width. It is entirely of stone, and contains several figures as large as life, and betwixt forty and fifty others of smaller size Lady Salisbuiy's chapel contains, particularly in its interior, an infinity of the most exquisite and elaborate workmanship. It was founded by Margaret de la Pole, countess of Salisbury, Who was beheaded, on a suspicion of treason, in the early part of the reign of Henry VIII. The tragical fate of this lady was occasioned by the im- prudence of her son, cardinal Pole, who, while resident at Rome, was engaged in the publicatioh of numeroQ» Satires against Henry Vllt. on account of his alterations in religion. This incensed the king so highly, that he made all the family and friends of the cardinal feel the effects of his displeasure ; accordingly he procured the attainder of the countess for holding a correspondence with her Son. This however was not done without great 'C '^i^nf^p ^¥^ -^u/u^H/, t i/d C'^/ui/i^'l. \ ^Ataf^ini uVi. . I M >. V 1 )!;k ^V.'/".;^^f.At:Y •.K»q ^?J4ii^u iMpdg^: WiU^^4md^. ■r ■: i ^- - ... 5.:' vM • ' • .\ ". 'la cl li V* t • M. ., •' r I, « • .* ^ j'\..7'. vt, .'iiic! Sat., >'■.•.'»•'•, ■ ■.•.'*\ >:.. CHUSTCHURCR TVYirBBAM PRIORY. oppoftiUon in the pariiavent; maiiy contended* thaN: -ike condemning of persona without hearing their defence ^was a breach of the most sacred and unalterable rules of justiee. The opposition was so great> that it was fouud necessary to appeal to the judges for their decision in the case, who, being artfully dealt with by^the minister Cromwell,. declared, that the parliament being the su- preme court of the realm* from which there could be no appeal, no man has a right to dispute the validity of their sentences, of what nature soever they might be. This report being made to the parliament, the countess was condemned by a sentence which established a precedent the most pernicious that had ever been seen in England. Besides the countess of Salisbury's chapel, there are three others still left in the church of Christchurch, and in an excellent state of preservation. One of these, at the eastern extremity of the south aisle of the choir, was built in 1529, by John Draper, the last prior. The stone of which this chapel is constructed, is similar to that of the chapel of the countess of Salisbury, and its orna- mental parts are likewise very highly finished. The tombstone of this prior was discovered by Mr. Bingley on removing some of the pews in the nave, not far from the entrance into the choir. In the month of Febru- ary, 1811, the grave was opened, in the presence of the churchwardens. The body had been interred in a thick wooden coffin, which was nearly crumbled to dust ; the skeleton was perfect* and had* evidently* not been dis- • CtttfltTCHUmCH TWYUBVAH PXIOBT. curbed* The teeth however were much decayed. After placing the head in the tame petition in which it was fbondy the gnre waa again clesedy and the stone put over it as before* The inscription is in Gothic characters round the edge of the stone. ** ^ Iumba Johis Dsapbr s VICB88IMI BEXTI PRIORIS BUIUS ECCLESIB : QUI OBIIT XXIX? DIE MBSIS SBPTIS ANNO DNI : MILL®. CGCGCLIl? CVIU8 ANIMB PROPITIBTUR DBVS* AmBN,** KllORY OF ST. DYONISIUS, HAMPSHIRE. Tmis Priory, generally denominated St. Dennis's Priory> ^as founded for black canons by Henry I. tliough Rich- ard I. has been sometimes considered as the founder, frooa the considerable benefactions which he bestowed. On the dissolution of this Priory, in the reign of Henry VIII. the annual valuo of its possessions was estimated at £S0 : 11 : 6, according to Dugdale, and £91 : 9, according to Speed. The site was then granted to Francis Dawtry : it is now the property of general Stibbert, of Portswood House. The ruins are only of small extent, and- appear to be remains of the west end of the church, and of some other building near to it, now used-as a farm-house. Many of the possessions of this house were held by the tenure of arming a certain number of men for the defence of Southampton. In Grose's Antiquities is given a list of the benefac- tors to this foundation, which we have extracted. « Henry I. by his charter, granted to God and the canons of St. Dionysius, for the good of his own soul and those of his father and mother, Matilda his wife, and William his son, and for the good of the faithful living and dead, that parcel of his land lying between PftlORT OP ST. DYONI81U8. Portafrada and the river Hystia, which used to bring In eleven shillings and six deniers, and also that part of his lands of Portafrada lying near the sea, in the east part of Hanipton> which used to bring in the annual rent of forty-one shillings and six deniers, ** King Stephen confirmed divers donations of land given them by Robert de Limeseia. *' Henry 11. granted them the chapel of St. Michael of the Holy Cross of St. Lawrence and of All Saints, near the town of Hampton. ** Richard I. gave them, in fee and perpetual alms, Kingsland and the wood, called Porteswarde, with all its appurtenances. " Giindredde Warren gave them the church of Little Fageham, which was her dower. Humphry de Bohun, t:oustable to the king of England, confirmed to them the church of Chaleworth, given by his father, with all the titles, rights, and dues, the canons of St* Dio- nysius to find a chaplain to officiate there. *' William Musard gave them three shillings annual rent, left him by his sister Jane, on condition of their finding a wax candle before the altar of the Blessed Virgin, in the church of their monastery, where his sister lay buried : this rent to be received quarterly. *' Walter de Chalke and his wife bequeathed to them two bezants, for the good of their souls, and on ac'- count of the kindness shewn to them by these canons ; to receive the same annually at the feast of St. Michael, ^^ i mimk Ai:z'n, Lcr.'ovs an0^ rafORY 9r n. dyonisios. of Gaufrid^ Hule, who was bound to pay it as a yearly rent in Etlinton. A bezant was a coin, so called from its bein^ originally struck at Constantinople; called, likewise, Byzantium. It seems to have been a general name for a piece of money, without any determinate value: according to Du Gauge, there were bezants of gold and silver $ and Blount, in his Law Dictionary^ notices copper ones, of the value of 28. " Godfrey, bishop of Winchester, confirmed to them the gift of William Aeliz, of the tithes of his rent in Aldenton, of 5«. arising from his mill at the same place, and the tenths of his paunage, and also the privilege of quit paunage for thirty hogs, in his woods. " By the charter of the sixth of Edward III. these canons were entitled to a pipe of red wine, for the celebration of mass, to be delivered to them by the king's butler at Southampton. They were likewise exempted from contribution to the repairs of the bridge of Kingsmill. ** In a parliament held by Edward III. in the year 13S9, * a writ of respite was granted to the prior and -canons of this convent of the tenths that were due at the Purification of the Virgin last past, and also those that they were bound to pay between that time and the Michaelmas next ensuing, on account of their houses and other edifices, which were the greatest part of their subsistence, being burned and destroyed. Thi€ was MtORT OF rr. DYOllfBlUt. done by the French, in their inyasion the preeedin^^ year.' ** Pfynne, from Mathew Paris and other monkish writers, mentions one Odo, whom he calls abbot of this house, about the year 18459 who gave great gifts of the goods of the community to the pope, whereby he ob- tained the archbishopric of Rohan, which he did not enjoy above a year, being suddenly struck dead. This was considered as a judgment from Heaven, for his fraud and simony." PUBLi ; -ro^fr I >i Tii ..^ , .• ( ^ 0« if, I'l. »' ' ■ li' t • : .. .'••; ' , 'ii- :.>i r .X ! ' V. ^- •. -. •■ .• t }.-. r.i'.l t^.- .'.; '-:".. V. '.;« ' V v>' .. V, ' ' _, 1 . ' jut ij; ; •»<*:.•• i'>ii u' <'.'*. Is.'i '•0 '. ■'. r- » \' '. I'vi' •■' " »\:5 . '.'i.vji' ':,K irc> 'ii j;i*t,-^ ', .-..^ ;>,•: U'O '4,a' i -.'rlj'.'-i >*, "•^■J^*^ **>. '•^^ HYDE ABBEY, HAMPSH^IRE. This ancieEt structure is situated in the nortbem su» burbs of the city of Winchester^ and was first erected by king Alfred in the year 901^ and completed by his son. Alfred, when king of the West Saxons,, having brought over from 'Flanders the learned monk Orimbald^ in order to assiyit ^him in founding hb university of Ox- ford, also founded a house and chapel in Winchester for secular canons, under his government. ■ He afterwards l^rqjected a greater foundation, and by bis will ordered a noble church tind college to be erected on the north side of the cathedral. This was begun in the ysar 901, and linished by bis son Edward, who dedicated it to the •Holy Trinity, the Virgin Mary, and St. Peter. It was called the New Minster, to distinguish it. from the ca- iibedial, or Old Minster,' within the precincts of whose . would, bishop of Winchester, and an abbot and ttonka put in possession of the house : but many differences 4aaA inconveniences arising from the too near neighbour- HYDE ABBBT. liood of thoce two gf«at monaateries, the monks of fht New Blinster thought it proper to remove to a place called Hyde, on-tiie north «ide of the oity, where king Henry I. at the instance of William Gifford, bishop of Winchester, franded a stsatsly Abhey for them. This AJbbey was the huiial-place of divers princes and great ^rsonages ; hmt of this onise tnagiMeent edifice, very ttttle remainst aaoepC some rtiinous oulhouses, the gal»- ^ay, and a laige bam, once probahHy the abbot's hsH^ ^hich seems to bespeak the workmanship of the twelftk eentnfy. The a^Qoinllig gateway, with the flat arch and 'a canopy, supported by the busts of Alfred and Edward, is probably -of Uie fifteenth century. The cfaureh, which ^as iNiilt with fiint, cased with sqwuw stone, ^peam^ Aom triioes of its wails, to have consisted of three aisles^ The tower of St Bartholomew's ohnroh is supposed to have been erected witli stones coieoted from Its roins. Many capitals of oolurans, busts, and other ornaments, that have been -dug out of the ruins here, are to be seen in diferent parts of the olty, and particularly at the VtideweU itself, where there are also two stone cofilna: but the sMst rsmaikable cariosity of Uiis nature was taken cut of the ruins above fifty years ago, and placed in a wall in St. Peter's Street, being an inscrtpliois W pure Saxon chafacters, containing the name MM^Ai§$i "Mttd^he date DcocuLxsi. Tr-:E. i\£;W YOKK PUBLIC LirKARY A 1 "^i^ TPgi^fc A ' ^B mi ■^=^5p5^»*n^a^ 1 ^^^l^rW M r ^t NETLEV ABBEV. Tlie columns and arches composing: the aibirs are fallen Into prodigious masses of undistiiiguishable ruin, and it is with difficulty that the precise arrangement of the nave, central tower, and choir can be made out; there is no Indication that there ever was a chapel of the Virgin Mary east of the choir, as common to other abbey churches. The southern transcept and the east eiH.are the most perfect parts of the building; the columns andarchrs that remain are remarkable for their lightness and elegance. On the north side of the intersection of the transcept are the remains of a spiral staircase that led to the upper part 'of the tower, which is said to have been ornamented with pinnacles, and served as a Inark for mariners. Among the ruins with which tlie ground is strewed, may be dis- cerned various devices and armorial bearings of the bene- •* factors to this Abbey. Many parts of the walls are beau- tifully mantled with ivy and other evergreens ; and the va- rious frees and shrubs that have vegetated among the mouldering walls contribute to the picturesque appear- ance of the whole. Several other parts of the monastic building still remain, but all of them much dilapidated | among them is an ancient crypt, known by the name of the abbot's kitchen, which is forty-eight feet long and eighteen broad ; this is a cnrious vaulted chamber, pro- bably adapted to the use of a kitchen by the earls of Hertford during their residence here. The chimney or fireplace in this apartment is of a very peculiar form : nearly opposite to it is an aperture or vault, NBTLET ABBET,. (hat terminates in a coppice at some distance from tlic Abbey. The chapter-house, which is a square of about thirty-six feet, and the refectory, with some other apart- ments, may also be distinguished. These buildings appear Co have formed a quadrangular court, of which the chapel bounded the south side. A moat that surrounded the Abbey may still be traced, and at a short distance two large ponds overhung with trees and underwood : these no doubt •upplied the monastery with fish. Netley Abbey has furnished a theme for much poeti- cal description — Keate, Sotheby, and Bowles^ have ex- ercised their respective powen in lamenting the fallen •plcndour of this foundation. ** Now sunk, deserted, and with weeds overgrown. Yon prostrate walls their harder fate bewail ; Low on the ground their topmost spires are thrown. Once friendly marks to guide the wandering sail. '* The ivy now with rude luxuriance bends Its tangled foliage through the cloisterM space, 0*er the green window's mouldering height ascends. And fondly clasps it with a last embrace. " No more these hoary wilds, these darkening groves. To vocal bands return the note of praise. Whose chiefs (as slow the long procession moves) On the rear'd cross with adoration gase ! — ■'"HeKj, ,,v yonK NETLEY ABBEY. ^* And while, to neighbouring waves, the unwonted sbow^ Each parting bough and opening glade reveals. The awe-struck sailor checks the hastening prow. Suspends bis oar, and wonders what he feels. — " Thus musing, oft I pace the moss-grown isle. Each low-browM vault, each dark recess explore ; While the bleak wind howls through the shattered pile. Or wave hoarse-murmuring breaks along the shore. •« No other sounds, amid these arches heard. The death-like silence of their gloom molest, Save the shrill plaints of some unsocial bird^ That seeks the house of solitude to rest. ** Save when their tinkling leaden, to the shade Of these cool grots, invite the fleecy foldsj "Whereof the sated ox, supinely laid. With lowing herds a distant converse holds ! "*• Or where fhe Gothic pillar^s slender form (Unequal to the incumbent quarry^s weight) Deserts its post, and reeling to the storm, With sullen crash resigns its charge to Fate. ^< While the self-planted oak, within confined (Auxiliar to the tempest's wild uproar). Its giant branches floctuates to the wind. And rends the wall whose aid it courts no more. >k£TLEY ABBEV. ^* Mute Is (be matin bell, whose early call Warn'd the grey fathers from their humble beds \ Nn midnight taper gleams along the wall, Or round the sculptured saint its radiance sheds! *' No martyr^s shrine its high-Mrronght gold displays, Tn bid the wondering zealot hither roam; Ko relic here the pilgrim's toil overpays. And cheers his footsteps to a distant home V* ** The pleasing melancholy inspired by contemplating the mouldering towers and ivy- mantled walls of ancient buildings, is universally felt and acknowledged by ob- servers of every sort and disposition : but these scenes receive a double solemnity when the remains are of a religious kind, such as churches and monasteries. <* In considering a decayed palace or ruined castle, we recollect that it was the seat of some great lord or war- like baron, and recur to the history of the gallant actions which have been achieved on that spot, or are led to reflect on the uncertainty of all human grandeur, both perhaps from the fate of its lordly owner, and its own tottering state : but these are subjects which arc like to affect the generality of beholders but very slightly : per- sons in the middling walk of life, happily for them, being almost excluded from those violent convulsions and sud- 'THE Mr.W YOFVK | ■ ^t- ->■'-. fl.t« •. »;. •• • • ..■• •■■ V' . f * -' . ji . o' ,-. • h', ' '• ■ 5 •r- *' ''s,i -, rU' r*^**^^'; ^^h ' . 'j- "''''' " .'- \* v^' , '-.^,;> . ^■ 'v^. >-V. "■:'^:^.^ ■•" -;4^^' -• "41. • '.T^'*^ <,* V KETLBY ABBEY. den rev^enes to which men of a more elevated rank are frequently subjected, and which is a sufficient retribution. for all their so much-envied superiority. ^ Religious ruins not only strike pious persons with that reverential awe, which the thoughts of their original destination must always command, but as places of sepul- ture excite ideas equally applicable to all ranks and opi-, nions, from the monarch to the beggar, whether believers, or sceptics, it being impossible to walk over a spot of ground, every yard of which covers the remains of a human being, once like ourselves, without the intrusion* of the awful memento, that we must soon, very soon, occapy a like narrow tenement of clay : a consideration which will for a moment overcloud the most cheerful temper, and abstract from trifling pursuits, at least for a while, those of the most dissipated turn,.and oblige them to bestow some thoughts on that inevitable moment, when they are to depart hence. Over and above these, there is something ra the style of the building more particularly gloomy than that either of castles or mansions, occa- sioned by the peculiarity of the Gothic windows, the namber of the arches and recesses, and the long per- spective of the aisles. '* Netley Abbey is eminently distinguished among the monastic ruins of this country, for its peculiar fitness to excite the solemn ideas just mentioned* For this it is Indebted not only io the elegance of its construction, size, and extent, but also for the profusion of ivy with whicb- HBTLBY AB^ET. it it overgn>i»D, and whicli half closes Its figured win- dowii, serving by its sober colour to set oflT the more lively green of a variet j of trees and shrubs that have sponta- neously grown up within its walls, and out of the huge fhigments fallen fVom its fretted roof, so as to form a sort df grove in the body of the church, which by limiting the spectator's >iewf husbands out the beauties of the scene, and in appearance trebles its extreme magnitude.'* jintifuarian Repertory, Thenev/yoTT' • . j-> I . • • ., C'V: '. » FONT IN ST. MICHAEL*S CHURCH, SQUTUJMPTOJf. Tan Clwrch of St. MielMiel form tU •Mtota «Mq o# » square of the uuae aanie» un^ n «a aacleal Mi outmna buUdiag. It comisti of a nave, cliaiicel» and ti4e aifkftt with a low tower rUii^ from tlie coitre. and floisbcA by a loftjf and weU-proportioocd ociogoaal spire* Oa eack side of the wc9t wiadow the Saxon Masonry of tiM ori* gioal front is stUl diKoraible; in the eawtem ftoni tha same m^soary is ^lio risible, together wiAb a fragment of 9^ «niaU aagnlac coUmw, and a portioa of tbe bttleted noaldiivi bat what priacipally atiracto the atteatioA of tht antiqaary it the c arions Font contained in this Cbarch t a fall description of which having been givea by tir H. B. Eaglefldd, in his «« Walk throngh Soathanptoa.*' we have taken the liberty to extract it. «« The Font consista 4if a Mock of black marble three feet fonr inches sqaare and one foot six inches deap^ supported in its centre by a cylinder of the same material, ornamented with horizontal rings, so as much to resemble a barrel, and at each angle by a plain pillar ^f white stone, one foot six inches high and about six inches dia- meter. The whole stands on another marble block of about three feet square and about seven inches deep, out rONT IN 8T. mCHABL'B CHUECH. t»f which are cut bases for the small columns, consisttng of a flat ring oo a large round cushion : these rest on a plain square plinth of about three faicfaes high | a plain leaf falls from the bases of the columns on each angle of the plinth. The top stone is excavated into an hemispherical basin, two feet six inches diameter, round which runs a fcroU of foliage of very rude execution, but not ill de- signed i and the angles are filled with an Imitation of the ancient ornament, now generally called the honeysuckle. The sides of the Font, of which three only are now visible, as the Font stands against the wall, are each divided into three circular compartments, with a sort of winged mi- notaur in each, something like a griffin, except one, which has an angel in a long robe of linen, covered with a shorter tunic; bis hands are folded on his heart, and round his head is. the nimbus or glory ; behind his shoul- ders are two wings, which reach to his feet. These sides are one foot one inch and a half deep ; the remaining ibur Inches and a half of the thickness of the block slope away to the central cylinder in a sort of fluting or broad leaves, now much defiiced. The workmanship of the whole is in 4be very modest style of Saxon sculpture.*' ^^2snC4v«^ <^ ^iumCo^ ^■ x.^ ii.* ,^.— ^^^*_« -"il l, I f! jfc ai m i -.. '.. tv ANCIENT MONUMENT IN GODSHILL > €HURGH, JSLE OF WIGHT. Thb parish of Godshill, in the ble of -Wight, existed las such before the compilation of Ooomsday Booli, and, was rendered subject by William FitztOsborn to the, abbey of Lyra, in Normandy, The manor afterwards -came into the possession of the convent of Sheen, in Surry, by which it was leased, in the twenty»ninth of Henry VIII. to captain Richard Worsley, for the term - of forty*six years, at an annual rcfnt Of 200 marks. The ' remainder of this term vesting in str Francis Walsing- ^ ham, who married captain Worsley's widow, he obtained from Elizabeth the manor of Godshill in fee: after se- veral mesne conveyances it was purchased by the late sir Richard Worsley of sir Thomas Miller, bart. The church stands on an abrupt but natural eminence, immediately overlooking the village, which has little but •alubrity of air to recommend it. This Church is an- cient, well built and capacious, consisting of a chancei with cross aisles. There are several monuments in It worthy of attention, particularly that represented in the Plate, which was erected to the memory of sir James W«rdey and Ann his lady, the daughter and heiress of AirCtBirT MONVMBirT ni G01>SHI&L CHUKCH. fir John Leif h : there U no inscription y bnt the anm o« the shields, which in Tarious parts decorate tlie Moon* ■Mnty are those of Wonleyy Leifh, HaclLet, and Staii- ^ish» the Ckodly of tir JUqm ir#ff«lasi*4 QoiheK. It was by this nar^life th»t tbe Worsley fiunily firrt became settted in the Isle of Wight, in the third y«v of Henry VIII. Appnldnrcombe paric, which lies in the parish, having, in oonseqoence of it, become vested ia •it Jamci Wofiley. The tower of this church, from its exalted sltnation, was in Janoary ITTS stmck with lighf- 9iagf by which the bnJlding was materially io^ored. / •. / / / CARISBROOK CASTLE, ISLE OF WIGHT. This Castle stands on an emioence, about one mile from Newport, and overlooks the village of Carisbroolc, Histo- rians relate that a castle existed in this place wlien Bri* tain was sabdaed by Vespasian, A. D. 45, in the reign of the emperoT Claudius, and that it was repaired by the Romans; it was afterwards rebuilt by Withtgar, the Saxon, then sovereign of the Isle of Wight, about the year 519, who called the Castle Wight Garisbourg, from which its present name Carisbrook is supposed to be derived. This building falling to decay, in a great measure through length of time, was re-edified in the reign of Henry I. by Richard de Rivers, earl of Devon $ and Camden relates that it was once more rebuilt by a governor of the island. Queen Elizabeth made some additions, and considerably repaired the ancient building ; the date of these repara- tions is sculptured on a shield placed over the outer en- trance. Under the date are the initials £. R. from which it has been inferred that this gate was erected by Eliza- beth. The walls of the ancient edifice enclose a space, whose area is about an acre and a half; its shape is a right-angled parallelogram, with the angles rounded off; its greatest length from east to west. The entrance is oo B CARISBROOK CASTLE. the west, on a cartain between two bastions, then through a small gate, over which is an inscription, with the date above noticed i this gate leads to another Ranked with two round towers. On the north side are some low boildings in rains, said to be those where the onfortnnate Charles I. was confined, and in one of them a window is shewn, throngh which he attempte4 to escape. On the niw^iih ' east angle, upon a considerabje elevation, stands the keep, an irregular polygon, the way to which Is by an ascent of seventy-two ste^s : here was focmerly 9. well for the iapply 9f tl^e Ciu]tl/e» l^ut now filled uy with rubbjisb. In the south-east angle is a tower called Mouotjoy^s tower, witli very t^ck waUs, which, together with the l^eep, hav^ appparan^est of mnph greater antiqni^ than mosjk oiber parta of the edifice. The oVi Castle is enclose If ittiin a qnpre vpodem fortiftcajtion, probably part of the f ^c^on 9f qi^een S^sp^b^th. To this CasUe, as ^Jlseady hinted* the nnfortonato Charges I. was condjucted^ upon his arrival at the Isle of Wigbt I he reiPAioed here some time in reality a prisoner, thoQgh abased ijritl^ all the mockery of feigned respect ; and on the iailure of a tedious negotiation, in which be W93 ^g^iged with the parli^roeot^i who were probably, pi^edetermined to resjsj^ ey^y overtuce, he w^ coion^itled to dose imprisonine^t by cojloiiel Hapinoi;^, who was then goyernofu ■'- -ytiY-' -» • :• .-^ « • : ' I'- '. -t'l SHALFLEET CHURCH, ISLE OF WIGHT, HAMPSHIRE. This Church is a very ancient and singular structure. It consists of a body, chancel, and south aisle, with a Idw tower ofeonsid^rable magnitude. The north porch is of Norman architecture, but plain in its arches ; over the ddor whichopenfr into the Church is a rude sculpture, said by -^'Ui-'/aj /i/y^- y, c f^i /^J/ i^i SHALFLBBT CRURC|1» 18LE OP WIGHT. some writers to represent a bishop, with his arms extend- ed> and hU hands resting on animals resembling griffins. This vestige of ancient art is fast crumbling into that state which wUi defjr the powers of imagination to asceitun what it was intended to represent. The windows of Shalfleet Church were formerly or- namented with a considerable portion of beautifully painted glass, but little now remains in its former state^ except the arms of Mont^cute^ earl of Salisbury, and q£ Isabella de Fortibus. ^V-; - '■■■'HY, '^J'>1.V .f :? .. ,••' t ■ J . i , ■ .• . .•'-c»' .' J*'- ,:ti. , V, J.- . m:'- l\:\. ' /; ' •►'iii^'Li •» . •' '' ''-.'M;,! #'-.'-;i 5?9?S0 ANCIENT CHAIR, J^RIORY OF ! SOUTHWICK, HAMPSHIRE. This curious relic is traditionally called the Prior's Cliair, and belonged to the priory of South wick, which formerly stood near Portsmouth, in Hampshire ; it is made of oak, its several parts being fastened together with small wooden pegs. On the back of the Chair, within a square pannel, is carved an animal somewhat resembling a buck, which was probably the armorial bearing of the prior ; as it was anciently, and is now, the custom to carve or paint on chairs placed in halls or other conspicuous places, the crest or arms of the proprietor. Above the pannel are two mitres, and on each side of the arms of the Chair is a rose ornamented with rays issuing from its centre. This ancient piece of furniture is extremely in- teresting as a specimen of the mechanical ingenuity of - the age in which it was constructed, and as the only ves- tige of the establishment to which it was annexed. Part of the priory building^ having lately been taken down, this Chair, with other old furniture found on the pre- mises, was sold by auction, when it was rescued from the hands of an ignorant rustic, who was bidding ioiy it as a smoking chair, by^a gentleman who obligingly permitted a copy to be takes. 579?30 Atfcmrr cHAim, puokt of sootbwick. Of the priory of Southwick very scanty information it to be obtained ; no mention of it is to be found in tbe Monatticon: but sir Robert Atkynt, in his History of Giouoestershire, says, that it was founded by Henry 1. and dedicated to St. Maiy. It was for canons regular of tibe order of St. Augustine. The last prior surrendered this eonvent on the 7th of April, 1539: it was yalued, in tbQ Catalogue of Religious Houses, at ^SS7. ./ VI'.' ^r^ '•'ft- ^y